South Canara Tiyan. This also holds good, to some extent, in the case of a southern Tiyan visiting the northern parts of the Cherakal tāluk of Malabar.
The ten illams of South Malabar are as follows: —
| Tala Kodan. | Padayan Kudi. |
| Nellika (Phyllanthus Emblica) | Kannan. |
| Paraka or Varaka. | Varakat. |
| Ala. | Kytat |
| Ten Kudi or Tenan Kudi. | Puzhampayi or Bavu |
The illams of North Malabar are said to be —
| Nellika. | Padayam Kudi. |
| Pullanhi. | Tenan Kudi. |
| Vangeri. | Manan Kudi. |
| Koyikkalan. | Vilakkan Kudi. |
Marriage is strictly forbidden between two persons belonging to the same illam. The bride and bridegroom must belong to different illams. In fact, the illams are exogamous. Members of some of the illams were allowed certain privileges and dignities. Thus, the men of the Varakat illam (Varaka Tiyans) were in the old days permitted to travel in a mancheel (a hammock-cot slung on a pole). They were allowed this privilege of higher caste people, which was prohibited to the Tiyans of other illams. But, should one of them, when travelling in a mancheel, happen to see a Rājah or a Nāyar, he was obliged to hang one of his legs out of it in token of submission. The Varaka Tiyans were further allowed to wear gold jewels on the neck, to don silken cloths, to fasten a sword round the waist, and to carry a shield. The sword was made of thin pliable steel, and worn round the waist like a belt, the point being fastened to the hilt through a small hole near the point. A man, intending to damage another, might make an apparently
