a thong of the same skin. He put it on when he was seven, and will wear it till he is fifteen, when he will have completed his course of Vēdic study. A ring, hanging to a string in front of his throat, called mōdiram, was put on in the sixth month when he was named, and will be worn until he is fifteen. The ears are pierced. He wears two amulets at the back, one of gold, the other of silver. In each are some chakrams (Travancore silver coins), and a gold leaf, on which a charm is inscribed. One of the charms was prepared by a Māppilla, the other by a Nambūtiri.
(4) Black spot edged with yellow in the centre of the forehead. Three horizontal white stripes on the forehead. A dab on each arm, and a stripe across the chest.
(5) Black spot near glabella, and two yellow horizontal stripes near it. The same on the chest, with the spot between the lines.
(6) Red spot and white stripe on the forehead. A red dab over the sternum, and on each arm in front of the deltoid.
(7) An oval, cream-coloured spot with red centre, an inch in greatest length, over the glabella.
The stripes on the forehead and chest are generally made with sandal paste. Rudrāksha (nuts of Elœocarpus Ganitrus) necklaces, mounted in gold, are sometimes worn.
The thread worn by men over the left shoulder Is made of a triple string of country-grown cotton, and, unlike other Brāhmans of Southern India, no change is made after marriage. It may be changed on any auspicious day. Brāhmans of Southern India outside Malabar change their thread once a year.
Concerning the habitations of the Nambūtiris, Mr.Subramani Aiyar writes as follows. "A Nambūtiris
