RYDER
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ered the English Lenten course for that year. Arch-
bishop Kcnrick appointed him vicar-general and
administrator of the diocese, during his attendance
at the Vatican Council. On 14 February, 1872, he
was consecrated titular Bishop of Tricomia, and
Coadjutor Bishop of St. Louis with right of suces-
sion. After serving faithfully and successfully in
this capacity for twelve years, he was made titular
Archbishop of Salamis on 6 January, 1884.
In the meantime the See of Philadelphia had be- come vacant by the death of Archbishop Wood, and on 8 June, 1884, Archbishop Ryan was appointed to succeed him. During his reign in Philadelphia the Church grew rapidly, as can be seen by the following table: —
In 1884 In 1911
Churches 127 297
Priests 260 582
Nuns 1020 2565
Schools 59 141
Pupils 22,000 63,612
Orphans supported 998 3,230
Catholic population 300,000 525,000
During that time also the Roman Catholic High School for Bo}\s, which was endowed by Mr. Thomas Cahill, was built, and put in operation; high school centres for girls taught by the different communities were established; a new central high school for girls was partly endowed and begim; St. Francis' Indu.s- trial School for Hoys wjis endowed and successfully operated; the Philadelphia Protectory for Boys was erected: it has since been enlarged, at a cost of over half a million dollars and with capacity for six hun- dred; St. Joseph's Home for Working Boys was founded; a new foundling asylum and maternity hospital was built; a new St. Vincent's Home for younger orphan children was purchased with the archbishop's Golden Jubilee Fund of $200,000 ; a third Home for the Aged was erected; a Memorial Library Building, dedicated to the Archbishop, was begun at St. Charles' Seminary, Overbrook; and the three Catholic hospitals of the city doubled their capacity. The extent of the archbishop's zeal is shown by his care for the emigrants who came into the diocese during his time. In 1884 there were very few foreign churches in the diocese; now there are 20 for the Italians, 23 for the Poles, 18 for the Greeks, 15 for the Slovacs, 6 for the Lithuanians, and several for other nationalities.
The archbishop took special interest in the Indians and negroes. He established two congregations for the latter in Philadelphia, and invited the Holy Ghost Fathers to build their college and mother- house at Cornwclls, near the city. Under his direc- tion Mother Katharine Drexel founded the Sisters of the Blessed Sacrament, who devote themselves entirely to the Indians and negroes, with their mother- house, novitiate and orphan asylum at Comwells, and several convents and schools in the West and South. Another proof of this interest is found in the archbishop's attendance at the Lake Mohonk con- ferences, and at the meetings of the U. S. Indian Commission, to which he had been appointed by President Roosevelt. By his prudence and tact he removed much prejudice against the Church, and obtained special privileges for Catholics in public institutions. His great reputation as an orator brought him invitations to speak, not only at the most important ecclesiastical functions, but also on secular occasions. In addition to his monthly sermons, in St. Louis on the first Sunday, and in Philadelphia on the second, he preached frequently at the laying of comer-stones, at the consecration of bishops, and churches, and at funerals. Some of the more remarkable instances were the dedication of St. Patrick's Cathedral, New York, the conferring
of the pallium on Archbishop Corrigan, and his
funeral sermon ; the consecration and funeral of Arch-
bishop Hennessy of Dubuque; and the funeral of
Archbishop Kenrick of St. Louis. He addressed the
St. Louis Legislature twice; opened the St. Louis
University on two occasions; spoke before the Com-
mittee of the United States Senate on Indian affairs;
opened the Republican National Convention in
Philadelphia in 1900, and was the principal speaker
at the McKinley Memorial service in Philadelphia,
after the president's assassination.
He lectured on various occasions, the most impor- tant of his lectures probably being on "What Cath- olics do not beheve", St. Louis, 1877, and on "Agnos- ticism", Philadelphia, 1894. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from the University of St. Louis and from the University of Pennsylvania. Under his guidance the Catholic "Standard and Times" of Philadelphia, his official organ, obtained a reputa- tion unexcelled in CathoUc joumahsm; and under his editorial direction the "American Catholic Quarterly Review " preserved and extended the reputation which it had already made as a leading exponent of Catholic thought. The celebrations of the Silver Jubilee of the archbishop in the episcopacy, 1897, and of his Golden Jubilee in the priesthood, 1903, proved the esteem in which he was held by the whole community, irrespective of creed, because the whole city rejoiced; while his death showed how universally he was loved, for the whole city wept. The archbishop was best known as an orator and a wit. He was adorned most by strong faith and piety, by great meekness and humility, and by a prudence that was far-reaching and admirable. He has left no published works except some lectures. These are: "Modern Reli- gious Skepticism"; "What Catholics do not Believe"; "Christian Civilization"; and "Agnosticism": all are published by the CathoHc Truth Society of San Francisco as well as by similar organizations in this country and London. There is a fifth lecture on "ReHgion and the Fine Arts".
O'Hanlon, Life and Scenery in Missouri (Dublin, 1800); Cowley, The Episcopal Silver Jubilee of the Most Reverend Patrick John Ryan, D.D., LL.D. (Philadelphia, 1897); Kirun, Life of AfoslRev. P. J. Ryan, D.D.,LL.D. (Phi\&de\phm, 1903); Turner, The Late Archbishop Ryan in The Catholic World (April, 1911); Halvey, Bas Le Mor Mar Cluidh, Personal Reminiscences of Archbishop Ryan in Good Counsel Magazine (Philadelphia, March, 1911).
James P. Turner.
Ryder, Henry Ignatius Dudley, English Orato- rian priest and controversialist, b. 3 Jan., 1837; d. at Edgbaston, Birmingham, 7 Oct., 1907; was the eldest son of George Dudley Ryder, one of the numerous clergymen of the Established Church of England who followed in the steps of Newman. He was received into the Catholic Church at Rome in 1846. The grand- father, Henry Dudley Ryder, a son of the first Lord Harrowby, was a prominent Evangelical in the early years of the last century, and was the first of the party to be raised to the episcopate. He was successively Bishop of Gloucester and Lichfield and Coventry. His kneeling statue by Chantrey will be remembered by all visitors of Lichfield cathedral. Newman, in his "Apol- ogia", speaks of the veneration in which he held Bishop Ryder. George Ryder married Sophia, a daughter of the Rev. John Sargent. The three other Misses Sargent married respectively Samuel Wilbor- force, who became Bishop, first of Oxford, and then of Winchester; Henry Wilbcrforce; and Henry Edward Manning, the future cardinal and Archbishop of Westminster.
Father Ryder's lifelong connexion with Newman and the Oratory began as a private pupil, when he was about twelve years old. The only interruption was a year at the English College at Rome and a few months at the Catholic University at Dublin, of which Newman was rector, before he began in
