SOUTHERNS
162
SODTHWARK
Fathers Christian and Adrian Hoecken. The first
permanent mission plant in South Dakota was made
at Jefferson in 1867. A considerable number of
French Catholic families had settled in that neigh-
bourhood, and Bishop Grace sent Father Pierre
Bouclier among them as Apostolic missionary, and
he organized and built St. Peter's Church at Jeffer-
son, the first Catholic church building in the state.
From that time there had been a steady growth in
Catholic population, distributed among the Germans,
Irish, and French, with a few Italians and other South
Europe immigrants. The original Vicariate Apos-
tolic of Dakota was established with the episcopal
seat at Yankton, but upon the division of the terri-
tory and the admission of South Dakota in 1889,
the Diocese of Sioux Falls was established to embrace
the entire state. Rt. Rev. Martin Marty was the
first bi.shop and he was succeeded, after an interval
during which the diocese was administered by Rt.
Rev. Henry Wensing, by Rt. Rev. Thomas O'Gorman,
the present incumbent. In 1902 the diocese was
divided, and that portion of the state west of the
Missouri River became the Diocese of Lead with Rt.
Rev. John Stariha as bishop; in 1909 Bishop Stariha
resigned and was succeeded by Bishop Busch. There
are in the two dioceses, loO priests, 208 churches, 13
chapels, 71 stations, 28 parochial schools, with
3530 pupils, and a Catholic population of about
68,000. ^Vhile Catholics have been largely repre-
sented in the Legislature and county offices, not many,
in proportion to their numerical strength have Jield
state office. Peter C. Shannon was chief justice
of the territory (1873-81); John E. Kelley repre-
sented the state in Congress (1896-98); Beotius H.
Sullivan was surveyor general (1889-93); Patrick F.
Wickham, internal revenue collector (1893); and John
A. Bowler, warden of the penitentiary (1897-1901).
The latest religious census of South Dakota, taken
in 1906, is as follows:
Denomination
Members
Adventists
Baptists
Brethren (Plymouth) Christian Science. . . . Congregationalists . . .
Disciples
Dunkers
Eastern (Greek) ....
Evangelical
Friends
German Evangelical.
Independent
Latter Day Saints. .
Lutheran
Mennonites
Methodists
Presbyterians
Protestant Episcojjal
Reform Bodies
Roman Catholic ...
Salvation Army
Swedish Evang(>lical .
Theosophists
Unitarians
United Brethren ... Univorsalists
Total
1,042
6,198
3
237
599
1,478
155
230
1,797
103
325
334
85
45,018
995
16,143
6,990
7,055
2,711
61,014
109
1,042
7
21
257
13
Matters Affecting Religion. — The Constitu-
tion guarantees complete freedom of worship. A
chapter of the penal code defines crimes against re-
ligion and conscience, especially making bhisphemy,
profane swearing, and desecration of the Sabbath,
misdemeanors. No religious holidays are observed
by law as such, except Thanksgiving Day. Clirist-
mas is a holiday. Every session of the Legislature is
opened with prayer. One of the chaplains in sessions
of 1907 and 1909 was a Catholic priest. Church
societies may incorporate under a simple and in-
expensive statutory provision. All property used
for religious and educational purposes is exempt from
taxation; clergymen are exempt from jury and mili-
tary duty and poll taxes; marriages may be cele-
brated by any regular minister of the Gospel, or be-
fore justices of the peace and the judges of the courts;
a rigid marriage license law is enforced; and con-
sanguineous marriages are forbidden; all marriages
are finally recorded in the State Vital Statistics
Division at Pierre. Divorces are allowed for adul-
tery, extreme cruelty, wilful desertion, wilful neglect,
habitual intemperance, or conviction of felony. The
plaintiff must have been in good faith a resident of
the state one year and of the county three months
before bringing action for divorce. Free education
is offered every person and elementary education ia
compulsory; training in parochial schools may be
substituted for compulsory training in public schools.
The Bible may be read in the public schools but all
sectarian teaching is forbidden. All state-supported
charitable institutions, prisons, and reformatories are
under the control of the State Board of Charities and
Corrections. These institutions are the Hospital
for the Insane at Yankton, the School for Feeble-
minded at Redfield, the School for the Deaf, Sioux
Falls, the School for the Blind at Gary, the Training
School for Incorrigibles at Plankinton, the peniten-
tiary at Sioux Falls, and sanatorium for tuberculous
patients at Custer. The Catholic Church maintains
fine hospitals at Aberdeen, Cascade Springs, Dead-
wood, Pierre, Mitchell, Sioux Falls, Webster, and
Yankton. The Scandinavian Lutherans maintain an
orphanage at Beresford, and the State Children's
Home at Sioux Falls is maintained as a public be-
nevolence. The last-named is not a church institu-
tion, though Bishop O'Gorman of the Catholic Diocese
of Sioux Falls is a member of its board of control.
The sale of liquor is strictly regulated by law; a high license system prevails; $1000 per year is the minimum license fee. Every person of sound mind may dispose of all his property by will, but a cor- poration cannot make a will; there is no provision of law regulating or affecting charitable bequests. Cemetery corporations or individuals may provide cemeteries; burial upon a cemetery lot renders the title thereto inalienable; no corpse may be buried within the state without a permit from a justice of the pe.ace.
Brief History of South Dakota (New York, 1905) ; Robinson, History of South Dakota (IndiaQapolis, 1904); Journals of Lewis and Clarke; South Dakota Historical Collections I, II (Pierre, 1902, 1904) ; Annual Review of the Progress of South Dakota (Pierre, 1909); Reused Statutes of South Dakota (Pierre. 1909).
DoANE Robinson.
Southeme, William, Venerable, Engli.sh mar- t>T, suffered at Newcastle-under-Lyme, 30 April, 1618. An alumnus and priest of the English College at Douai, he laboured mainly at Baswich, near Stafford, which then belonged to a branch of the Fowler family. He was arrested while saying Mass, and committed by a neighbouring justice to Stafford gaol. He was immediately sentenced to death for being a priest and refusing to take theoath of allegiance ; he remained in prison for six days after condemnation, no hangman being forthcoming.
Challo.ver, Missionary Priests, II, no. l.')9.
John B. Wainewright.
Southwark, Diocese of (Southwaroensis), suf- fragan of Westminster, England, comprises the south-ejistern counties of Kent, Surrey, and Sussex
