THEISM
566
th]£nard
manently. Here, under the influence of Count Rei-
saoh then rector of the Propaganda and later cardinal,
the change in his opinions was completed. In 1835
he wrote the "Geschichte der geistlichen Bildungean-
stalten", andin 1836 the "Disquisitiones critical", on
the sources of canon law. Soon after this he became a
priest and entered the Oratory of St. Philip Neri. In
the succeeding years he wrote the following works:
"Die neuesten Zustiinde der kath. Kirehe in Polen
und Russland" (1841); "Die Riickkehr der regier-
enden Hauser Braimschweig und Sachsen zur kath.
Kirehe" (1843); "Zustande der kath. Kirehe in
Schlesien 1740-58" (1846); "Kardinal Frankenberg"
(1850). He was commissioned by Piu.s IX, who had
given him a position in the Vatican Librarj' in 1850,
to write the "Geschichte des Pontifikats Klemens
XIV" (1S53; Italian translation, 1855). In this work
he showed himself an opponent of the Jesuits, with
whom he had been on good terms until 1844, so that
the work was forbidden in the States of the Church.
In 1855 Pius IX appointed Theiner prefect of the
Vatican archives. He now published his valuable
collections of authorities drawn from these treasures :
" Die Fortsetzung der Annalen des Baronius" (3 vols.,
1856); " Vetera monumentaHungariae" (2 vols., 1859-
60); "Polonia; et Lithuania;" (4 vols., 1860^64);
"Slavorum meridionalium" (2 vols., 1863); "Hiber-
norum et Scotorum" (1864); "Codex dominii tem-
poralis apostolic® sedis" (3 vols., 1861-62); "Monu-
menta spectantia ad unionem ecclesiaruni Gra>ca; et
Romanse" (1872). Both before and during the Vati-
can Council he was in close connexion with the oppo-
nents of Infallibility. Because he commimicated to
them the order of business of the Cotmcil of Trent that
had been kept secret he was deposed from his dignities
and offices. Whether he died at peace with the
Church is doubtful. His correspondence with the
Old Catholic Professor Johann Friedrich during the
years 1870-73 shows that he had the same views as the
latter; on the other hand Count Hermann Stainlein
asserts that he knew Theiner during this period as a
loyal Catholic priest. There is no doubt as to his
large scholarship and his services to history. After
his death appeared the work, "Acta genuina Concilii
Tridentini" (1874), very imperfectly edited.
GisiGER, P. Theiner und die Jesuiten (Mannheim, 1875); WiT.MEUK. AuszUge aus dem Tagebuch des Gra/en Hermann Stain- lein von Saalenstein (Leipzig, 1909). 352.
Klemens LofpIjER. Theism. See God.
Thelepte, a titular see in Byzacene. From an in- Bcriptiiin we li-urn that it was a colony. An impor- tant iietuiirk of Roman roads here branches out, join- ing the city to Cilium and Tlieveste, on the north; to Gafsa and Gabes, on the south. In the sixth century Thelepte became the residence of the military gov- ernor of Byzacene. Procopius (De ^Edificiis, VI, 6) says that the city was fortified by Justinian. We have the names of several bishops: Juhanus, present at the Council of Carthage in 256; Donatianus, who assisted at the Conference of Carthage in 411 ; he is said to have held a council in his episcopal city in 418, but this is uncertain (Tillemont, "M^moires pour servir k I'hist. eccl.", X, 790-3). Thelepte was the n.i- tive place of St. Fulgentius, Bishop of Ruspe. We have also the names of other bishops: Frumentius, ex- iled by Huneric, 484, after the Conference of Carthage; Stephen, present at the Council of Hyzaccnc, ()41. The ruins of Thelepte may be seen at Mcdinet el- Kedima, in Tunisia, a little to the north of Gafsa. The Byzantine citadel, in utter ruins, occupies the centre of the city. There are also the remains of baths, a theatre, and of ten churches recently dis- covered, one of which had five naves.
DlEHL, Rapport sur deux miasionn dans V Afrique du Nord in Nouvellea archives des missions scientifiques (Paris, 1892), IV, 3^6- 34.3; ToDLOTTE, Oiographie de V Afrique chrdienne, Byzacine et Tripolitaine (Paris, 1894), 202-206. S. VaILH^.
Theiniscyra, a titular see, suffragan of Amasea in
the Hellespont. There was a town of this name near
the mouth of the Thermodon, the modern Therme-
Tchai, mentioned by Herodotus (IV, 86) and by most
classical authors. Scylax calls it a Cireek town while
Diodorus (II, 44) makes it an Amazonian foundation.
Mythology made this region the native land of these
warrior-women.
After Withridates withdrew his troops from Cy- zicus, Themiscyra was besieged by Luoullus and was courageously defended by the inhabitants. The town must have been destroyed on this occasion, for neither Mela nor Strabo mentions it, while the latter treats extensively the country of Themiscyra, which he makes the subject of great eulogj'. It is, however, mentioned by Ptolemy (V, vi, 3). It is not found in the "Notitise episcopatuum " nor in the "Oriens christianus" of Le Quien. It was situated near the present Therme on the Black Sea, in the sanjak of Samsoun and the vilayet of Trebizond. The coun- try is one of the richest and most beautiful in the world.
■Smith, Diet, of Roman Geography, a. v.; Pape-Benseler, WOrterbuch der Griechischen Eigennamen, a. v.; Texier, Asie Mineure (Paris, 1862), 620.
S. Vailhe.
Themis onium, a titular see in Phrygia Pacatiana, suffragan of Laodicea. Themisonium was a city of Phrygia, but near the limits of Pisidia, so that at one time it was said to be in that province. The inhabi- tants relate that diu'ing an invasion of the Gauls, warned by a dream which they attributed to the gods, Hercules, Apollo, and Hermes, they took refuge with their wives and children in a grotto or cave thirty stadia from their city, and placed at the entrance for protection the statues of the three divinities. The coins of the city show the god, Lycabas Sozon. It may be identified with the village of Kara Eyuk Ba- zar, vilayet of Smyrna.
Le Quien (Oriens christianus, I, 813) mentions the name of only one bishop of Themisonium, but he really belongs to Temenothyrse. On the other hand (ibid., 821), there was a see at Thampsiopohs, with two bishops: Zosimus, who lived in 451, and John, present at the Council of Constantinople, 869. These two sees ai'e certainly one and the same: Thamijsiopolis, mentioned in the "Notitiae episcopatuum" from the tenth to the thirteenth century, is no other than Themisonium. If the earlier "Notitiie episcopa- tuum " says nothing of this see it is probably because it was united with Agathe Come, of whose bishops there is no notice, and which disappeared from the later "Notitiae". To the two bishops mentioned above we may add Magnus, present at the Council of Seleu- cia, 359.
Smith, Dirt, of Gr. and Rom. Geog., s. v.; R.\m9at, Asia Minor (London. 1890). 135; Idem, The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia (New York, 1895), 260, 274, and passim.
S. P^TRIDfcS.
Th6nard, Lodis-Jacques, Baron, chemist, b. at Louptiere, near Xogent-sur-Seine, Aube, France, on 4 May, 1777; d. at Paris, 21 .lune, 1857. In 1865 his native village obtained the right to add his name, so the place is now known as Ixiupticre-TlK'nanl. When quite young he went to Paris, and souglit permission to work at chemist ly with Vauquelin as his master. It was only by the intercession of the sisters of the great chemist tliat he Wiis taken into the laboratorj', Vauquelin like him being very poor. He was unable to pav the small reguKar fee of twenty f runes a month. After three years' work, when he undertook to lecture, his provincial accent and apjiearance toUl against him, and he made the most earnest efforts to over- come these defects. He cut down his meagre expenses in order to save enough to go to the theatre and hear the actors. His first original memoir was published in 1799, and for half a century he continued to pour
