TUSCULUM
105
TWENGE
pold, the latter abdicated in favour of his son Ferdi-
nand IV. On 16 Aug., 1859, a national assembly
declared the deposition of the dynasty, and a second
assembly (12 March, 1860) voted for annexation to
Piedmont, officially proclaimed on 22 March. Since
then Tuscany has been a part of the Kingdom of
Italy, whose capital was Florence from 1865 to 1871.
Galluzzi, Storia del granducato di Toscana soito il governo delta casa Medici (5th ed., IS vols., Florence, 1830); Napier, Floren- liiie History (6 vols. London. 1847); Zobi, Storia civile delta Tos- cana (5 vols., Florence, 1850-52) ; Idem, Memorie e documenti officiali (2 vols., Florence, 1860) : Idem, Cronaca degli avvenimenti net 1869 (2 vols., Florence, 1859-60): Giornale slorico degli arctiim toscani (7 vols., Florence, 1857-63) ; Canestrini, Negociations diplomatiques de la France avec la Toscane, ed. Desj.^rdins (6 vols., Paris, 1859-86): Poggi, Memorie sioriche del gorcrno delta Toscana 1859-60 (3 vols., Pisa. 1871); Leopoldo II e i suoi tempi (Florence. 1871) ; Reumont. Geschichte Toscanas (2 vols., Gotha, 1876-77); RErcHLiN, Geschichte Ilaliens, III-IV (Leip- zig. 1870-73); RoHAiTLT de l.\ Fleury. La Toscane au moyen- dge (2 vols., Paris. 1874); Mehkel, Bibliografia degli anni 1859-91 in Bulletino storico italiano (1892); Wtjrzbach, Die Grossherzoge von Tosh (Vienna. 1883) : MnNTZ, Florence el la Toscane (2nd ed. Paris, 1901).
Joseph Lins. Tusculum. Sec Frascati, Diocese of. Tutiorism. See Probabilism.
Tuy, Diocese of (Tudensis), suffragan of the Arcluiioceso of Santiago, comprises the civil provinces of Orense and Pontevedra, is bounded on the north by Pontevcdra, on the east by Orense, on the south by Portugal, and on the west by the Atlantic Ocean. The city has a population of 3000, and is of very an- cient origin. Ptolemy calls it Toudai and attributes its foundation to Diomedes, son of Tydeus (just as the foundation of Lisbon is attributed to Ulysses). During the Roman period it belonged to the con- ventus juridicus or judicial district of Braga. The city seems to have been at first situated on the top of Mount Alhoya whence it was moved to its base, where it was in the time of the Goths. When King Egica shared the government with his son Wittiza he made him live at Tu.v, probably at the site known as Piizox de Reyes (palaces of the kings). The See of Tuy is very ancient; one of the four bi.shops of Galicia at the first Council of Braga (561) was Bishop of Tuy. The first historically known bishop was Anila who at- tended the second Council of Braga (572) ; he signed as suffragan of Lugo. Neuphilia-s lived vmder the Arian King Leovigild, by whom he was exiled and the Arian Gardingus put in his jilace. Gardingus abjured his heresy at the third Council of Toledo. Anastasius was present at the fourth and sixth Councils of Toledo; Adirairus at the seventh; and Beatus sent the cleric Victorinus to represent him at the eighth. Genetivus was present at the third Council of Braga (675) as a suffragan of Braga, and also at the twelfth Council of Toledo. Oppa wius present at the thirteenth, and Adelphius at the fifteenth.
Tuy fell into the hands of the Mahommedans, but was not entirely destroyed as it is numbered among the cities reconquered by Alfonso I, but not recol- onized until the time of Ordoiio I. The exiled Bishop of Tuy took refuge in Iria (Compost ella), and a parish was assigned to him for his support. The first known Bi.shop of Tuy after the Saracen invasion is Diego (890-901 ) , present at t he consecrat ion of the Church of St. James the Apostle (899), also at the Council of Oviedo in which this see was raised to the rank of a raetropoUtan (900). Hermoigius founded the mon- astery of San Crist 6hal of Labrugia, resided in Tuy, and in 915 began the reconstruction of the cathedral. At the battle of Valdejunquera he was made ])risoner by the Arabs and taken to Cordova where he was forced to leave as a hostage his nephew, St. Pelagius, a child of thirteen. The latter suffered martyrdom in defence of his chastity; his relics were transferred to Oviedo and he was declared the patron of Tuy. Naus- tianua (926) retired to the monastery of Labrugia to
avoid the assaults of the Norsemen who had come up
as far as Tuy along the River Mifio. His successor,
Vimaranus (937-42), retired to the monastery Rivas
de Sil, as did the next, bishop, Vihulfus (9.52-70) . The
Norsemen led by Olaf were encamped at different
times at Tuy and ravaged it cruelly (1014), on which
account Alfonso V placed it under the jurisdiction of
the Bishop of Compost ella. Bishop Alfonso I and his
priests had been made captive, and thereafter, until
the time of Dona Urraca, a sister of Alfonso VI, a
period of forty-seven years, the See of Tuy was vacant.
Dona Urraca re-estabhshed it and made Jorge
(Georgius) bishop. He took up his residence in the
monastery of San Bartolome, whose monks were
canons of the cathedral. The decree of the restora-
tion of the see is dated 13 Jan., 1071. Bishop Aderi-
cus (1072-95) succeeded Jorge. The bishops, by
concession of Raymond of Burgundy and Alfonso VII,
were lords of the city, and Bishop Alfonso II began
building the new cathedral, which was finished a hun-
dred years later by Est eban Egea (1218-39). In the
time of Bishop Pe'layo Melondez (1131-55) the canons
adopted the Rule of St. Augustine. Among the
bishops who deserve special mention are: Lucas de
Tuy, called "El Tudense", annahst of Dona Beren-
guela, to whom we owe the compilation known as
the "Cronic<5n de Espana"; Juan Fernandez de Soto-
mayor, councillor of Queen Dona Marid de Molina, who
was present at the Council of Vienna (1312); and
Prudencio de Sandoval, a Benedictine, celebrated
annalist of Charles V.
The Western Schism caused a division in the ranks of the clergy of Tuy, the bishop giving allegiance to the Avignon pope, others to the pope at Rome, whom Portugual also obeyed. Martin V commanded the latter to recognize the legitimate bishop, and when some resisted this order their churches were allowed to be governed by vicars residing in Portugal (1441). The cathedral of the diocese, which is dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, resembles a medieval fortress, as it is b\iilt on the crown of the ancient castle fort (/'iislellum Tude). It belongs to the early Gothic period and, on account of its height, the importance of its side naves, its clerestory (now walled up, but preserving its ancient arches and colunms), the in- terior is well worthy of note. The ground plan is that of a Latin cross (the four arms being extremely short) with four naves, those on the side terminating in the apse. The chapel of San Telmo (San Pedro Gonzdlez), built by Bishop Diego de Tortjuemada (1.564-82) who transferred to it the relics of the saint, is worthy of note. Between the altar of the Visitation and that of the Seven Dolours is the unique sepulchre of Lope de Sarmiento (d. 1607). To the cathedral is attached a handsome Gothic cloister. The churches of the old Dominican and Franciscan convents have been converted into parish churches, the convent of S.anto Domingo being u.sed for a barracks and that of San Francisco for jjrimary and secondary- schools. Tuy has a fine hosjiital (built by Bi.shop Rodriguez Ciistanon) and a home for the aged in charge of the Little Sisters of the Poor. The seminary, which is dedicated to St. Francis of Assisi and (he Inmiaculate Conception, was founded in 1850 by Bishop Francisco fi.arcia Ca.sarrubios y Welgar. Among the illustrious men of the diocese may be mentioned St. Teutonius, the humanist Alvaro Cadaval y Sotomayor, and Fran- cisco Avila y La Cueva, author of a history of the diocese.
Fi6rez. Esp. Sagrada, XXU-XXIII (Madrid, 1798-99); MargcIa, Eap,, BUS monumentos: Galicia (Barcelona, 1888); DAVII.A, Teatro eeles. de Tuj/,' Sandoval Y Argaiz. Episcopologioa.
Ram6n Ruiz Amado. Twelfth Day. See Epiphany. Twelve Apostles, Gospel of the. See Didache. Twenge, John, Saint, last English saint canonized, canon regular. Prior of St. Mary's, Bridlington, b.
