UNITED 177 UNITED
STATISTICS OF THE UNITED STATES
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia . . . .
Wisconsin
Wyoming
Alaska
Canal Zone
Guam
Hawaii
Pliilippine Islands
Area, Sq. Miles Population, 1910
97.890
577,390
400
200
6.740
127.853
12.240
191.909
8.276,802
Dioceses
Richmond (part)
Wheeling (part)
Wilmington (part)
Seattle
Wheeling (part)
Richmond (part)
Milwaukee
Green Bay
La Crosse
Superior
Cheyenne
AIa.>ska. Pref. Apost
Panama (part)
Mariana Island.';. Prcf. Apost. (part)
Hawaiian Islands, Vic. Apost
Manila
Calbayog
Cebu
.laro
Lipa
Nueva Cacereg
Nueva Segovia
Palawan. Pref. Apost
Tuguegarao
Zamboanga
Porto Rico
Samoa and Tokelau, Vic. Apost . . .
Cathoucs in 1912
38.600
3.000
500
90.000
45.500
2.400
250,000
139.660
116.000
51.043
12.000
14.500
37,000
1.327.000
800.000
1.146.26R
1.200.000
640.000
670.000
900.000
16,529
250.000
298.145
1,000,000
swept over the country a financial and industrial
panic which wrecked banks and commercial estab-
lishments. Manufactories shut down everywhere,
and over 300 banks suspended or failed. This was the
beginning of a period of great distress. Believing
that the compulsory purchase of silver by the Secre-
tary of the Treasury was responsible, to some extent,
for the alarming conditions, the president convoked
Congress in special session, and asked for the repeal
of (hat clause of the Sherman Act which required a
monthly purcha,se of silver. On 1 November, after
a considerable struggle, the compulsory clause was
repealed. Industry, however, did not revive. In
December. 1893, the Democratic Congress met and
passed the Wilson Bill, a tariff measure in harmony
with Democratic principles. As it was foreseen that
the revenue from such a tariff would not produce a
revenue sufficient to pay the expenses of the Govern-
ment, one section of the act provided for a t,ax of two
per cent on all incomes above S4000. This part of
the law was afterward declared by the United States
Supreme Court to be unconstitutional.
In the matter of foreign relations there occurred during the second administration of President Cleve- land a grave controversy between the United Slates and Great Britain over the boundary between Vene- zuela and British Guiana. England claimed terri- tory which had hitherto been regarded as belong- ing to Venezuela, and in this claim the president believed that he perceived a purpose on the part of England to ignore the principles of the Monroe Doc- trine. The excitement both in England and the United States was extreme, and some people looked for a war as the outcome. On 2 Feb., 1897, however, a treaty of arbitration was signed at Wa.shington between Venezuela and Great Britain. While the controversy was pending a commission appointed by the president had examined the botmdary question and made a report on the subject. President Cleve- land inherited from his predeces.sor the results of a revolution in the H.awaiian Islands, a revolution in which the United States w.is involved. In Janu.ary, 1893. (Jueen Liliuokalani was depo.sed by her subjects, who then set tip a provisional government, and sent commi.ssioners to W.ashington to prepare a treaty of annexation to the ITnited .Sl.ates. On 1.5 Feb. this was sent to the Senate for approval. During the progress of these negotiations the president had heard that a force of men from a United States vessel had XV.— 12
landed and given assistance to the revolutionists.
This consideration led him to recall the treaty from
the Senate and also to .send to the islands an agent to
investigate the entire affair. The report of this com-
missioner set forth that the queen had been practically
deposed by United States officials. The president
then sent another representative to the islands. He
was instructed to seek for the restoration of the
de[)osed queen on certain conditions, namely that she
would grant full amnesty to all persons concerned in
the events by which she had been deposed. To this
she demurred, and expressed a purpose to behead the
leaders and to confiscate their property. Upon
receipt of this reply the president instructed his repre-
sentative to cease all communication with her until
she would agree to grant an amnesty. To this she
consented in December, 1893. President Dole was
then requested to surrender the government to the
queen, but he refused to do so, denying the right of
the President of the United States to interfere in the
domestic affairs of the islands. Mr. Cleveland,
doubting his authority to employ force, referred the
entire matter to Congress, where it was investigated
by the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations.
Construing this action as a purpo.se to leave the islands
to take care of themselves, the revolutionists framed
a constitution and organized a republic, 4 ,Iuly, 1894.
The new government was promptly recognized by
President Cleveland, and the deposed queen, to whom
he had promised a restoration, abandoned the contest
for her throne. Though the United States was chiefly
responsible for her deposition, succeeding Congresses
have ignored her repeated applications for indemnity.
In the presidential election of 1896 the Kepublican
party nominated William McKinley .and Ciarret A.
Hobart, and in its platform declared its opposition to
"the free coinage of silver except by international
agreement ". Upon this announcement there took
place a secession of twenty-one delegates from the
convention. These represented the states which
were then the chief producers of silver, namely Colo-
rado, Idaho, Montana. Nevada, South Dakota, .and
Utah. The Democratic convention was held in
Julv, and after a very exciting session chose William
J. Bryan and Arthur Sewall. an<l declared for "the
free and unlimited coinage of both silver and gold at
the present legal riitio of 10 to 1, without waiting for
the aid or con.sent of any other nation". Following
this declaration of the convention, many leaders of
