VERSIONS
373
VERSIONS
Jiblia Pentapla (Hamburg, 1711). Another Jewish
■ersion (Berlin, 1838) was the work of Arnheim,
^iiohs, and Sachs.
Diilch and Flemish Versions. — The first Bible for ^athoHcs in Holland was printed at Delft in 147.5. iniong .several issued from the press of Jacob van ,eisveldt at Antwerp, one (1,540) with the text of the 'ulgate is called the Bibiia Belgica. The first authori- ative version for Catholics wa.s translated from lenten's Vulgate by Nicholas van Wingh, Peter de ^ort, and Godevaert Stryode, O.P. (Louvain, 1545). Lfter seventeen complete editions it was revised ceording to the Clementine Vulgate and became the elebrated Bible of Moerentorf or Moretus (1599). 'his revision reached more than a hundred editions, nd is still used. Among several unfinished versions, ne by Th. Beelen was carried out by a group of celesiastics, viz. Old Testament (Bruges, 1894-6). teelen's New Testament had previously appeared t Louvain (l.S.59-69).
A complete Bible based largely on Luther's version 'as given out by Jacob Van Liesveldt at .Antwerp in 526. In 1556 it was superseded by Van Utenhove's ersion after Luther and Olivetan. The Calvinists f Holland completed in 1637 a so-called state Bible,
version said to be from original sources, but greatly ifluenced by the English Authorized Version, repro- ucing in a great measure its remarkable felicity of tyle.
Scandinavian Versions. — In the fourteenth century, ersions of the Sunday Epistles and Gospels were lade for popular u.se in Denmark. Large portions f the Bible, if not an entire version, were published bout 1470. The historical books of the Old Testa- lent and the Apocalypse in Swedish are all that are reserved of a complete version made in the fifteenth Bntury and derived from earlier translations in use 1 the time of St. Bridget (d. 1373). In the beginning f the fourteenth century. King Hakon V provided for
Norwegian translation of the historical books of the lid Testament, with glossary. (Cf. Dani.sh Hepta- 'uch edited by INIolbech, Havnian, 1S28.) Scandi- avian Protestant Bibles for the most part are trans- ited from Luther's version. A complete Danish ible was published 15.50 under the direction of Chris- an Pcdersen (revised in 1824). Two independent ersions were given out by Lindherg and Kalkar. In 541 the first Swedish version appeared; it has been equently revised. An Icelandic version was pub- shed at Holum in 1584.
Finnish Versioti. — A translation of the New Testa- lent by Michael Agricola, a Lutheran, was made )r the Finns and published at Stockholm (1.548), nd a complete Bible from original sources by several •holars was put forth in 1642, 17.58, 1776, etc. A ss successful version of the Bible was issued by 'enry Florin at Abo (1685). Numerous Bible aciety editions of both Testaments appeared later. 1 the Esthonian dialect, a New Testament by John isher (1686), and the Old Testament by Fisher id Gosekenius (1689), are noteworthy. Other com- lete Bibles from partial versions of an earlier date ere made in the F^sthonian dialect of Reval (Berlin, B76) and in the Esthonian of Dorpot (18.50). A aplandish version of the whole Bible was published
- Hernosand (1811).
ffunfiarian Versions. — A fourt*enth-fifteenth-cen- iry MS. in Vienna gives parts of the Old Testament om the Vulgate by the Friars Minor, Thomas and alentine. A fifteenth-century M,S. of the whole ible at Gran, the Codex Jordanszky, is believed to jntain at lea-st in part a version that was made by adislaus Bathory, Hermit of the Order of St. Paul 1. 14.56). John Sylvester, or Sere.stely, O.P., is •edited with a translation of the New Testament hich was published at Nova- Insula (1541) and ienna (1574). A complete version was made
towards the end of the sixteenth century by Stephen
Szdnt6 (Latin, Arator). In 1620 a translation after
the Vulgate was put forth at Vienna by George
Kdldi, S.J. Having ecclesiastical approbation, it
gained a wide circulation and is still in use after
having been printed in many editions. A version
after the Protestant Genevan Bible was made by
Caspar Kdroly in 1590. It was revised by Albert
Molnar (Hanau, 1608). Other translations appeared
by Caspar Heltai (Klausenberg, 1551-64) and by
George Csipkes (Leyden, 1717). Andrew Torkos
(Wittenberg, 17.36) and G. Bdrdny (Lauban, 1754)
gave out Lutheran versions.
Celtic Versions. Iri.sh. — Ancient Gaelic versions of the P.salms, of a Gospel of St. Matthew, and other sacred writings with glosses and commentaries are foimd as early as the seventh century. Most of the literature through sulxsequent centuries abounds in Scriptural quotations. A fourteenth-century MS., the "Leabhar Braec" (Speckled Book), pubhshed at Dublin (1872-5), contains a history of Israel and a compendious history of the New Testament. It has also the Passion of Jesus Christ, a translation from the apocryphal Gospel of Nicodemus. Another four- teenth-century MS., the "Leabhar Buide Lecain", also gives the Passion and a brief Old-Testament history. Some scholars see in these writings indica- tions of an early Gaelic version of the Scriptures previous to the time of St. .Jerome. A modern Prot- estant Gaelic New Testament, bcKun from tlio original Greek by John Kearney, 1.574, Niclmlas \\ :ilsh (later Bishop of Os.sorv), and Nehemias Dom-llan (later Archbishop of Tuam), and finished by William O'Donnell and MorfoghO'Cionga (King), was printed in 1602. An Old-Testament version from original sources by Dr. Bedell was published at London (1686). A second edition in Roman characters was published (1790) for the Scottish Highlanders. A version of Genesis and Exodus was made by Connel- lan (London, 1820), and also by John MacHale, later Archbishop of Tuam (1840).
Scotch. — In Scotland the Synod of Argyll gave out a Gaelic version of fifty psalms (Glasgow, 1059), and all the psalms in 1715. A Psalter was also made by Robert Kirk (Edinburg, 1684). A complete Bible, based on earlier versions of the Testaments, was published for the London Bible Society (London, 1807), and a revision of it was ordered by the General Assembly of the Presbjterian Church at Edinburgh (1826). A New Testament from the Latin for Catholics by P. MacEachain appeared at Aberdeen in 1875.
Breton, or Armoric, Versions. — A New Testament was in existence at the end of the fifteenth century, but the first complete Bible was published by Le Gonidec at St-Brieuc (1866), and a Protestant ver- sion by M. Le Coat appeared at London in 1890. These versions differ in diiilect.
Welsh, or Cymric, Versions. — Partial versions were made before the fifteenth century, but a translation by Celydd Kfan was known to be in existence about 1470. .\ New Testament, decreed by Parliament in 1526, was edited by several scholars in 1557. A re- vision of this and an Old Testament version by Wil- liam Morgan appeared at London in 1588. This was got out in a revision which was practically a new translation by Richard Parry and John Davies (Lon- don, 1620). It was the standard for later reprints. A more convenient edition, including the Book of Com- mon Prayer, etc., was publislied by Pryce (London, 1630). A version made at Oxford (1690) was called the Bi.shop Lloyd's Bible and was the first to be printed in Roman characters. The Moses Williams' Bible (London, 1718) was i)ut forth by the .Society for the Promotion fif Christian Knowledge. The British and Foreign Bible Society grew out of th(- efforts of Thomas Charles to provide Bibles for the people of
