TRUEBA
70
TRUMPETS
Acta SS.. April, III. 424-40; Bibliotheca hagiogr. lat. (Brussels.
1898-1900). 1205-6; Baur. Der Todeslag des hi. Trudpert in
Freiburger Diozesanarchiv, XI (Freiburg. 1877), 247-52.
Klemens Loffler.
Trueba, Antonio de, Spanish poet and folklorist, b. at Montellana, Biscay, in 1821; d. at Bilbao, 10 March, 1889. In 1836 he went to Madrid, hoping to make a livelihood by literary pursuits. To earn his daily bread he discharged the duties of a clerk in a small commercial house, but all the while he beguiled his leisure and his moments of regret by nTiting little poems and tales redolent of the yearnings and sym- pathies of a Basque transplanted to the busy cos- mopolitan centre. Won over to him by the charm of his writings. Queen Isabella II made him histori- ographer of the Biscayan district, and he held this post until her flight in 1868. His popularity was fixed by the appearance of his first collection of lyrics, the "Libro de los cantares" (Madrid, 1852). Various collections of his tales, especially charming when they deal with his native region and its people, appeared in 1859, 1860, and 1866. In his more ambitious at- tempts at writing a novel, as in his work dealing with the Cid of history and legend, he failed signally; he was too conscientiously a recorder of the past and left his imagination no free play. He remains an amiable writer of second rank, but no one can read without sympathy and appreciation his pretty little songs fragrant with love for the landscape of his northern Spanish home. He deserves serious notice among the earlier writers who helped to develop the novel of manners in the Spain of the nineteenth century.
Blanco Garcia. La literatura espaHola del siglo XIX (Madrid. 1899): Fitzmaurice-Kelly, Hist, of Spanish Literature (London, 1S98). J. D. M. Ford.
Trujillo, Diocese of, comprising the Depart- ments of Lambayeque, Libortad, Pinra, and the Province of Tumbes, in North-west Peru, formed by
The Cathedral. Truj
.Said to have been founded by Piza
Gregory XIII, 13 .\pril, 1577, as suffragan of Lima, an arrangement confirmed by Paul V in 1611, when he appointed Alfonso de Guzman first bishop. The city of Truxillo (8000 inhabitants), formerly very flourishing, was founded in 1.535 on the Rio Muchi in the Valley of Chimu by Gonzalo Pizarro, who named it after his native place. It is the capital of the De- partment of Libertad, so named because Trujillo was the first Peruvian city to proclaim its independence from Spain. Most of the houses are but one story high, on account of frequent, earthquakes, the severest of which occurred in 1619, 17.59, and 1816. Its uni- versity was erected in 1.S31, a college having been founded there earlier in 1621. Near the city lie the ruins of the Gran C^liimu. known originally as Chan- Chan — Chimu being I he t it le of the Indian sovereign — one of the most stupendous extant monuments of a departed civilization. They extend over twelve miles
north and south, and six miles east and west, and re-
call a highly civilized race — the Muchoen — which fell
before the Incas. One may still see the ruined palace
and factories, a necropolis, walls nine metres high,
and a labyrinth of houses and pyramidal sepulchres
(huacas), the most remarkable of which are the To-
ledo, Esperanza, and Obispo, the latter being .500 feet
square and 1.50 high. From these ruins, over £5,500,-
000 in gold were recovered by the Spaniards. The
Muchoen had reached a high degree of perfection in
metal-work and in the art of decorating pottery, many
specimens of the latter being unsurpassed since the
days of early Greece. An account of the ancient re-
ligion has been preserved by Antonio de la Calancha,
Augustinian prior of Trujillo in 1619; the chief deity
was the moon (Si), her temple (Si-an) situated near
the Rio Muchi having had an area of about 42,000
square yards. A grammar of the native language —
Mochica — now dead, was compiled by Padre Fer-
nando de la Carrera (Lima, 1644). Diocesan statis-
tics: 102 parishes; 350 churches and chapels; 160
priests; 2 boys' colleges; 3 girls' high schools; there are
communities of Franciscans (2), Conceptioni.sts, Car-
melites, Poor Clares, Dominican Tertiaries, and Laza-
rists, the latter having charge of the seminary. The
CathoUc population numbers about 581,000. The
bishop is Mgr. Carlos Garcia Irigoycn, b. at Lima,
6 November, 1857, edited the "Revista catdlica",
founded "El amigo del clero", succeeded Mgr. Man-
uel Jaime Medina, 21 March, 1910.
MozANS. Up the Andes and down the Amazon (New York, 1911); Feijoo. Rebtcion de la ciudad de Truxillo (Madrid, 1763); Markha.m. The Incas of Peru (London, 1910).
A. A. MacErlean. TruIIan Synod. See Constantinople, Coun- cils of.
Trumpets, Feast of, the first day of Tishii (October), the seventh month of the Hebrew year. 'Two trumpets are mentioned in the Bible, the shophar and hdQO^erah. The latter was a long, straight, slender, silver clarion, hturgically a priestly instrument. The shophar was made of horn, as we see from its now and then being called gercn, "horn" (cf. Jos., vi, 5); in fact, in the foregoing pa.ssage, it is designated a "ram's horn", geren yobel. The Mishna (Rosh hdsshanah, iii, 2) allows the horn of any clean animal save the cow, and suggests the straight horn of the ibex. The Feast of Trumpets is ordained in the words: "The seventh month, on the first day of the month, you shall keep a sabbath, a memorial, with the sound of trumpets" (Lev., xxiii, 24). The Hebrew text has: "a memorial of the blast". The Septuagint adds "of trumpets" (<raX7r(77Mi/) , a word which together with mparlvn (made of horn) always designates in the LXX, shophar and never the haqoQerah. We find the feast also ordained in Num- bers, xxix, 1: "The fiist day also of the seventh month ... is the day of the sounding and of trumpets". This text gives us no more light in the original, where we read only "the day of blast let it be unto you". Here, too, ihe LXX ruiipa <r?;Moirios, "day of signal- ling", affords no light. The feast is called by Philo o-dX7ri77«, "Trumpets". It would .seem, then, that the shophar and not the haqo^erah was in Biblical times used on the feast of the new moon of Tishri. In Rabbinical ritual the festival has come to be known as New "War's D;i.\- irosh hdashatia}) I. T):\y of Memorial {%j6m hdzzikkaron) , and Day of .Judgment (y6m hdddin). The shophar gives the signal call to solitude and prayer. In preparation for the great feast, the shophar' is sounded morning and evening exceijting Sabbaths, throughout the entire preceding month of Elul. .According to the Mosaic Law. tlie special offerings of the Feast of Trumpets were a bullock, a ram and seven lambs for a burnt offering: a buck goat for sin offering (Num., xxix, 2. 5; Lev., xxiii, 24, 25). Walter Drijm.
