COWGILL
COYSEVOX ing clergy, a devoted people, and many educational and eleemosynary institutions. (2) The second bishop, Augustus Marie Toebbe, was born 15 January, 1829, at Meppen, Hanover, Germany, and ordained priest 14 .September, 1854, at Cincinnati. He was consecrated 9 January, 1870, and died 2 May, 1884. He contributed largely to the increase of the parishes of the diocese and the growth of Cathohcism. (3) Camiilus Paul Maes, his successor, was born in Belgium, 13 Marrh. 1846. studied at the American College, Louvain, for the Diocese of Detroit, where he was chancellor when apiminted to the See of Coving- ton. He was consecrated 25 January, 1885, and soon cleared off a diocesan debt of $150,000. He next undertook to replace the old cathetlral, rapidly tot- tering to decay, with a magnificent Gothic pile in the most prominent part of the city. Bishop Maes also found time to care for the remote population dwelling in the moimtainous parts of the diocese. Few people of the diocese were blessed with an abundance of (vealth. James Walsh, a conspicuous benefactor, made possible the first free parochial school, and later enabled Bishop Maes to begin the erection of the cathedral. His son, Nicholas Walsh, followed gen- erously in the footsteps of his father. Mrs. Mary Howard Preston, a zealous convert, gave the neces- sary funds to start the great work of the missions to non-Catholics in Eastern Kentucky. Statistics. — The Catholic population (1908) is 54,423 (10,162 families). The clergy number 77 (68 secular, 9 regular). There are 74 churches, 38 sta- tions, and 9 chapels; 3 orphan asylums (204 inmates) ; 2 hospitals (2962 patients); 2 homes for aged poor (351 inmates) ;7 female academies(1491 pupils); 37 parochial schools (7782 pupils, of these 3744 are in Covington). The religious commimities in the diocese include: Men — Benedictine Fathers, five charges, and the Marist Brothers. Women — Sisters of St, Benedict, sisters of Charity, Sisters of St. Francis, Sisters of the Poor, Sisters of the Good Shepherd, Sisters of Notre Dame, Sisters of Providence, Loretto Sisters, Visita- tion Nuns. Mafs. Life of Rrv. Charles .Xcrinrkl (Cincinn.afi, 1880); Idem, JoWra Jubilri- nf t),r ninccxr o! C,< • ; •- r:i-i..nil Letter, Nov., 1903): Wkbb, r/i.- rvn^nori/ .1/ ' ' ' A r „/i/<-fr,y (Louis- rille, 1SS4); Spali>i<;, Lijc ../ I:. - / A Flagct (Louis- .iUe, 18.52); r.si, Skelch(s ol Enrl, 1 r-'^ M n,ns in Kentucky [Louisville. 1844). J ^^,l,^ L_ GoREY. Cowgill, J. R. See Leeds, Diocese of. Cowl (kou/couXioi/, cucullus, cucuUa, cucullio. — Ducange, "Gloss.", s. v.), a hood worn in many ■eligious orders. The name was originally used for I kind of bag in which grocers sold their wares (ibid.),
- hen for an article of dress that was like it in shape,
rhe Incerna or hyrrhus (our cope), the usual cloak for )Utdoor wear until far into the Middle Ages, had a
- owl fixed behind, that could be drawn over the head.
3o also had the pirnula (chasuble — Wilpert, "Gewan- iung der Christen', pp. 13, 45, etc.; Braun, "Liturg. jewandung", pp. 240, .348). Juvenal (VI, 118) and Martial (XI, 98) refer to the cucullus of the lacerna. 3ozomen says that monks covered their heads with I hood called curullus (H. E.,!!!, xiii), and Palladius
- ells us the same fact about St. Ephram and the
iisciples of Pachomius (Hist. Laus., XIII). Both St. Ferome (Ep. xxii, ad Eustochium) and Cassian (De labitu mon., I, iv) refer to it as part of a monk's ire.ss. St. Benedict ordered two kinds of cowls for lis monks, a warm one for winter and a light one for iummer (Regula S. Ben., Iv). The cowl became a ^reat cloak with a hood. Benedict of Anagni forbade iiis monks to wear one that came below the knees [.rdo, V'ita Ben, Anian., xl). The Benedictines, L'istercians, and all the oltl monastic orders now use the cowl, a great mantle with a hood that can be thrown back over the shoulders, as a ceremonial dress for choir; the Franciscans have a smaller hood fixed to their habit; canons wear it on their mozzetta, and bishops and cardinals on the cappa. With the Au- gustinians and Servites it is still a separate hood not attached to anj-thing. Ducange (s. v.) says the name is a diminutive of casula — "quasi minor cella". A cowl fixed to a cloak is still commonly worn in Tyrol, parts of Austria and Hungary, etc. Cucullata con- gregatio occurs occasionally as a general name for monastic orders (Ducange). The colour of the cowl is that of the habit, black among Benedictines, white with the Cistercians, etc. Ducange. Glossarium medicB el infimw Latinitatis^ s. v. Cucullus: Wilpert, Die Gewandung der Christen in den ersten Jahrhunderlcn (Cologiie. 1898), 13. 45, etc.; Bhaun, Die liturgische Gewandung im Occident und Orient {Freiburg im Br,, 1907), 240, 348, Adrian Fortescue.
Coxcie, Michiel. Flemish painter, imitator of Raphael, known as the Flemish Raphael; b. at Mechlin, 1499; d. there 1592. There are several spellings for his name: Cocxie, Coxcie, Coxis, Coxcien. Coxcyen. He was a pupil of his father, and afterwards studied under Van Orley, with whom he visited Rome in 1532, where he made the acquaintance of Vasari. There he married his first wife, Ida van Hasselt, with whom he returned to Mechlin, in 1539, and the same year became a member of the Academy of that place. In 1561 he was in Brussels, and after that back in Mechlin, where, at the age of seventy, in 1560, he married his second wife, Jeanne van Schelle. By his first wife he had three children, Anne, a sculptor, William, and Raphael, painters; by his second, two sons, Michiel, a painter, and Conrad, Coxcie painted several large works for the Emperor Charles V and for Philip II, King of Spain, to whom he was court painter. He designed thirty-two subjects from the fable of Cupid and Psyche, which were engraved, and, in conjunction with Van Orley, he directed the execution of some tapestry made from the designs of Raphael. He copied part of the great Van Eyck altar-piece for Philip II of Spain, and portions of his copy are in Berlin and Munich and the remainder in Ghent. Several of his paintings are to be seen at Brussels, Antwerp, Bruges, Berlin, Madrid, St, Petersburg, and Vienna. In his paintings he bestowed special care on the figures of women, and they are well modelled and invariably graceful. In male figures he too often exaggerated the anatomy and selected awkward and unreasonable attitudes. His composition is very Italian in character, sometimes too academic in line and grouping, but agreeable in effect. His best works are signed and dated and are remarkable for their splendid colouring and harmonious result.
Coysevox, Charles-Antoine, a distinguished French sculptor, b. at Lyons, 29 Sept., 1640; d. at Paris, 10 Oct., 1720; he belonged to a family originally from Spain. At the age of seventeen he executed a much admired Madonna. In 1671 he wasemployed by Louis XIV on various sculptures at Versailles and at Marly. He was elected a member of the Academy in 1676, and had among his pupils his two nephews, Nicolas and Guillaume Coustou. Coysevox made two bronze statues of Louis XIV, the " Charlem.agne " at Saint-Louis des Invalides, and other famous works, but his most famous is probably "LaRt-nom- m6e" at the entrance of the Tuileries — two winged horses bearing Mercury and Fame. Napoleon is said to have delight(!d in the sculptor's fancy that the horse of Mercurj- should have a bridle, but not that of Fame, Coyse-ox also producetl some fine sepulchral monuments for the churches of Paris. We owe him a special debt for liis contemporary portraits. LfDKK. History of Sculpture, tr. Bennett (Ixinilon, 1878); DiLKE, French Architecli and Umiplors of the XVIII Century (London, 1900). M. L. Handley.
