CRUTCHED
557
CRXJZ
, i8Q«v Stubbs The Medieval KingdoTns olfyprM and
Li^V^S.l'fSSvl,'?plris!^tr7f); ■ AKCHEH, The Cn^ade
rart»raf. Conrad ^fpIS^lSsl)- NoS, Der vierte Kreu,-
Jerlin. ISMS), """"^ii nf rnnstantinovle (London, 1885), ,03); Pears The P^^jf^^iZTTZ Heinrich. nou-ine
aomburg, 1905 : ^^^°^ii^A?^'^f,Z. The Princes of Achaia ■atifaise de Morec (Pans, l***? 'J-"""iQ07)- Riant. Ejuuki jTlhe Chronicles "I f^ ,C^lxl \Wl)'. Roheicht. £>cr icrtt CorK(an/mopoWan<f <V, /,,WJirifl (1876).
VI R8H'",<?„^V Idem O^ JCr?«^a/.r< Vm^ricA // (Berlin. Innsbruck, 1891), ^°^^- ,Y^„AiT,lnmaliaues des Hohenstaufen 874); BLOcHET.I-es relatimis diplomaim^ Cahdn. /n(ro-
Li;.Su;tar«/£«'P V°.«f^,'/S 3W ('paris, •lS96); Iu«(um a ll^^'-Jf J ■^i^^'_,,iiuJ^Z„Z;a della Terra Santci e deir
l'i:^iS.tirtrfrTE?^"^^^^^^^^^^
in Forschuna zur deutsche Gesch ^^- g^^ „„ .Y/I"
si^dc (Pans, .1885), B«i?».^ Vp^ris 19(X)); Magnocavai.lo.
'^JL-tiifi^'iJsJ^:^^^^^^^^ "^alrJ^rZ^^tqpfa^^^T^i^^^^
^ono.K. Phaippede ^^"'Zf/J"iZtinBv'ZlinZeit..XV-. Par-
IX. DE Sact Af-^/? n';^/,J^^l^Si6deWr..m> /ions. \I-VII; BfGER DE ^\a»K^i, .y. Le cardinal VempereurMa,iudPedeolo^e^ul.J^ll.JJ^^J^-^f ,^^ C,,,^
,m,.V a ;•*«(. <i«<:r<.««d«'"'X^ " LoUIS BrEHIER.
f^ave them constitutions and a rule of life similar to
fhat of the Augustinians Pope Pius " P-cnbed
for them a blue habit and substituted a small silver
ross fo" the larger wooden one they had hitherto been
accustomed to carry m their hands. It was frprnth^s
custom that they obtamed their -^ame Their mon
asteries were at one time numerous in Italy, number-
Tng two hundred and eight, divided into five prov-
inces- Bologna, Venice, Rome, Milan, and Naples.
The prion- of S. Maria di Morella at Bologna was made
the chiS^^ouse of the order by Pope Clement IV^ and
a w^s rom this that the English Crutched Fnars
came In later times corruptions were allowed to
cre"p in and from that and other causes their num-
bers'^dwindled down to not more tl-n fifty house m
1656 when the order was suppressed by Pope Alex
ande'r VII A similar order of friars, known by the
same name and like them claiming to come from the
Ea"t a?so existed in France and tl« L^-,^^""^!^
havine been introduced or organized m 1211 by ineo-
dore de Celles. H^lvot says their houses were num-
erous but the order suffered extinction m the French
Revoution. These friars wore a black habit ^\ th
f?ed cross upon it. Other Fmtres Crucijen were also
\:t ST Bohemia in the thirteenth century and
some are said to have existed m Ireland, but there is
practically no reliable information to be obtamed
'"'^MAltTp.Ris, H,Vor,a ^npion^m Ro^I^ 'h^°iTo- 1866*)"?; T.^NEB ^YT^^'rl^Sl^Z^xltnO): vll RE?- DALE, iV/o-iashcon i^alicma'mO^nAo^^l^^^ (Douai, 1626): NER, Aposlolaius Benedict norum. " '■'JJ»"i^4,. Heltot, Gasquet, English ^/""^^'^ris 1792) II; Heimbucber, Ordm Hist, des ordres rehgievx (f a"lki."'W' W^^-j und Canoregationcn (2d ed., 1900, H, 33^^37^^^ ^^^^^_
Crutched Friars (or Crossed Friars), an order of
mendicant friars who went to England m the t^
teenth century from Italy, where they had existed lor
sometime and where they were called ^.™«« VTh
ri/^"Ze below). Their first appearance m England
™t a s™od of the Diocese of Rochester m 1244
Xn they presented documents from the pope and
S to be allowed to settle in the country < Matthew
Paris) Each friar carried in his hand a wooden staff
sSiounted by a cross and had also a cross of red
cb^ ^on his\abit, from which circumstances orig-
toated the name by which they became c.mmori^
Friars ' '. Other houses were at Oxford 1.348), Y orK, Great Weltham fSuffolk), Barham (a cell to Gt T\ e - tham) WoUon-under-Edge (Gloucestershire), Brack- lev (\orthants), and Kildale Ci orkshire). .
Fratrfs CRUCiFERi.-The origin of the^e fnars is somewhat uncertain. They claimed to have been funded in the East, in the first ce^ntury, ^Jl-^^'^l and to have been reconstituted by t- Cj'^acu^^ Pa triarch of Jerusalem, in the fourth. I* >« "?» ™"^^^ when they came to Italy, but they were certainly ttiere ta the twelfth century, for in 11G9 Pope Alexander III
Cruz RvMoN DE LA. a poet, b. at Madrid, Spam,
98 &V 1731; d. in the same city. 4 November
1795 h4 was for a time a clerk in the Ministry of
Finance and was a member of the Royal Academy
o Se^S'e and Tthe Arcadians of Rome. Very ht le
t know-Ti of his life. He wrote more than three
hundred pieces for the stage, -any of which ^ ere
imnrovdsed It was his custom to go to the rrauo
S?he evening and there, seated on one of the stone
'hei^^hes, wort out some theme -gge^t^^^^
^rtheat^r? a'nxiouS^'l.^ited the improvisation =^I'-ut!n»el-^-ofrpJrm|
trks'orCru., among which may be -mentioned - Ram6n de la Cniz,.Sa.netes (1 ^,?h^ "„^^^'^;TeatVo "La Biblioteca Umversal' (XXX\), and leai^