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760
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Ste-Marie was made at Bishop Lefebre's suggestion.
With Bishop Spalding he was mainly instrumental in
founding, in 1857, the American College at Louvain
(q. v.). He died, 4 March, 1869.
(3) C.\SPER H. BoRGESS (q. V.) was appointed his successor and consecrated titular Bishop of Calyson and coadjutor and administrator of Detroit, 24 April,
1870. On the death of Bishop Reze, 30 December,
1871, he assumed the title of Detroit. He resigned 16 April, 1888, and died 3 May, 1890.
(4) John Samuel Foley was named the fourth bishop and consecrated at Baltimore, 4 November, 1888. He was born in that city 5 November, 1833, and ordained priest in Rome 20 December, 1856. His brother was Bishop Thomas Foley, administrator of Chicago (1870-79). The early settlers of Detroit had been French ; these were followed, at different inter- vals, by Belgians, Germans, Poles, Slavs, and Italians. Bishop Foley established a special seminary for the Poles and secured the ministrations of religious of that nationality. A schism among them of several years' duration, and of disastrous results, was healed through his forbearance. In 1907 the priests and laity of the diocese, in honour of the golden jubilee of his priest- hood, presented Bishop Foley with St. Francis's Home for Orphan Boys, built at a cost of $250,000.
The Congregation of the Sisters Servants of the Im- maculate Heart of Mary was founded at Monroe, Michigan, 28 Nov., 1845, by the Rev. Louis Gillet, C. SS. R. Three young ladies, two from Baltimore and one from Detroit, formed the new community, whose rule was taken from that of St. Alphonsus, and whose secondary object was the education of youth. In 1859 some of the sisters weiit to Pennsyl- vania; there are now three distinct mother-houses, one in the Archdiocese of Philadelphia, one in the Diocese of Scranton, and the original at Monroe, in the Diocese of Detroit. Besides these the sisters have schools in the Dioceses of Harrisburg, Altoona, Boise, Grand Rapids, Cleveland, Seattle, and Oregon.
The following religious orders and congregations have foundations in the diocese. — Communities of men: Fathers of St. Basil, Capuchins, Fathers of the Holy Ghost, Fathers of the Precious Blood, Redemp- torists, Jesuits, Franciscans, Brothers of the Christian Schools, Xaverian Brothers. Communities of women: Sisters of Charity (Mt. St. Joseph, Ohio), Sisters of Charity (Emmitsburg, Md.), Sisters of Christian Charity, Sisters of St. Dominic (New York City), Sis- ters of St. Dominic (Racine, Wis.), School Sisters of St. Francis, Felician Sisters, Sisters of the Good Shepherd, Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, Sisters Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Sisters of St. Joseph, Religious of the Sacred Heart, Little Sisters of the Poor, School Sisters of Notre Dame, Polish Sisters of St. Joseph, Sisters of St. Dominic of the Perpetual .\doration.
Statistics: 1 bi.shop, 237 priests (193 secular and 44 regular), 146 churches with resident priests, 66 mis- sions with churches, 20 stations, 23 chapels, 1 theo- logical seminary for the secular clergy with 320 stu- dents, 40 Polish students, 1 theological seminary for religious; 3 colleges and academies for boys, students 600; 7 academies for girls, students 870; 70 parishes and missions with schools, pupils 23,086; 3 orphan asylums, inmates 600; 1 House of the Good Shepherd, inmates in preservation class 125. Total number of chil- dren under Catholic care, 23,811; 4 hospitals; 1 home for aged poor, inmates 250; 1 home for feeble-minded ; 1 infant asylum, 1 home for working boys. Estimated Catholic population 256,500 (Catholic families 50,041).
Shea. History of Cath. ^f^ss^oTls among the Indian Tribes of V. S. (New York, 1S55): Idem, Life and Times of Most Rev. John Carroll (New York, 1888); Idem. History of Cath. Ch. in V. S. (New York, 1904); Campbell. Pioneer Priests of Xorth America (New York. 1908); U. S. Cath. Hist. Soc. Hist. Records and Studies (New York. November. 1907). V, P(. I; Reuss. Bioff. Cycl. of the Catholic Hierarchy of U. S. (Mil- waukee. 1889): CL.4RKE, Lives of Deceased Bishops (New
York, 1872): Catholic Directory (1908): Cooley, Michigan: a
History of Governments (Boston. 1885); McLaughun. History
of Education in Michigan (Washington, 1891).
Thomas F. Meehan.
Deusdedit (Adeod.\tus I), Saint, Pope, date of birth unknown; consecrated pope, 19 October (13 November), 615; d. 8 November (3 December), 618; distinguished for his charity and zeal. He encouraged and supported the clergy, who were impoverished in consequence of the political troubles of the time; and when his diocese was VTsited by a violent earthquake and the terrible scourge of leprosy he set an heroic example by his efforts to relieve the suffering. The few decretals ascribed to him an- unauthenticated. He is said to have been the first pope to use leaden seals (buUa;) for pontifical documents. One dating from his reign is still preserved, the obverse of whi -h represents the Good Shepherd in the midst of His sheep, with the letters A and O underneath, while the reverse bears the inscription: Deusdedit pap.e. His feast occurs 8 November. Leo A. Kelly.
Deusdedit, S.unt, a native of Wessex, England, whose Saxon name was Frithona, and of whose early life nothing is known; d. 14 July, 664. He was the sixth Archbishop of Canterbury (655-664), and was the first Anglo-Saxon to hold the primacy. He was consecrated at Canterbury in 655, by Ithamar, the first Saxon Bishop of Rochester, in succession to Honorius, thus commencing the long line of English archbishops, which was broken but once, and that by his immediate successor. Theodore. Little is known of the primacy of Deusdedit. Most of the other bishops during his time were of either Celtic or French origin. Of the seven or eight consecrated during the nine years of his primacy only one received consecration from him, viz. Damian, Bishop of Rochester, consecrated in 656, and this is the sole official act of his that is known with absolute certainty. He is said to have hallowed Wulfhere's church at Medehampstede (Peter- borough) in Mercia, the charter of which, dated 657, contains his signature, but from the fact that it also contains the names of Ithamar and Tuda a difficulty arises. Haddan and Stubbs, who print the charter (Councils of Great Britain and Ireland), consider the foundation of this monastery to have been not earlier than 664. The archbishop's name is given by Simeon of Durham as the consecrator of the seventy nuns of St. Eormenburga's convent in Thanet, but the state- ment lacks confirmation. St. Deusdedit died on the same day as Erconlicrt . King of Kent, and was buried in St. Peter's porch at Canterbury.
Gozelin. Life of Deusdedit, printed in the Boll.^ndists under 15 July: Hook. Lives of the Abps. of Canterbury (London, 1860- 75); Hole in Diet. Christ. Biog. (London. 18771; Stanton. Menolog'/ of England and Wales (London, 1887); Archer in Did. Nat. Biog. (London, 1888).
G. Cyprian Alston..
Deusdedit, Cardin.\l, b. at Todi, Italy; d. be- tween 1097 and 1100. He was a friend of St. Gregory VII and defender of his reformation measures. Deus- dedit joined the Benedictine Order and became a zeal- ous promoter of ecclesiastical reforms in the latter half of the eleventh century. Pope Oregon,' VII raised him to the cardinalate with the title of S. Pietro in Vincoli. According to the superscription of chapter 420 (former reckonino; 161) in the fourth book of his "Collectio canonum , Deusdedit had sojourned in Germany; but it is not known, however, when and from w-hat motive he did so. In 1078, he took part in a Roman sjmod. at which he represented the opinions of Berengarius of Tours (Mansi. Cone. Coll., XIX, 762). In the long conflict for the freedom of the ecclesiastical authority from the oppression of the civil power Deus- dedit sided with Gregory VII. and was one of his chief agents and defenders. ,\t the suggestion evidently of this pope, he undertook the compilation of a eollec-
