HAID
110
HAIL
Novels written before lier conversion. — The coun-
tess's real literary talent was evinced in her novels.
Her first two attempts were " Ilda Schonholni" or
"Aus der Gesellsehaft " (1838) and " Der Rechte"
(1839). Even these books show promise of the
sureness and self-confidence that were so charac-
teristic of her later works, but they are marred
by slovenly and inartistic construction. From the
point of view of morality, the two first-fruits are the
least worthy of all that the countess ever WTote. Her
next novels and tales are of a far higher order in both
respects. " Griifin Faustine" (1840) still shows the
influence of her leaning towards emancipation, but
this, of course, was somewhat mitigated by the fact
that at the end of the book the Griifin enters a con-
vent. Both artistically and morally, "Sigismund
Forster" (1847) is the best of the many books which
came from Ida's pen at that time, including " Ulrich "
(1841), "Die Kinder auf dem Abendberg" (1843),
"Cecil" (1844), "Zwei Frauen" (1845), "Clelia
Conti" (1846), "Sibylle" (1846)— an autobiography
—and "Levin" (1848).
Books of travel. — These are among the most ma- ture works that the countess produced in this period. "They are not books of travels in the ordinary sense, but rather the personal impressions of their author. "Jenseitsder Berge" (1840), dealing with Italy, was followed by " Erinnerungen aus und an Frankreich" (1.S42), "Ein Reiseversuch im Norden" (1843), and lastly " Orientalische Briefe" (1844).
Tales and novels written after her conversion. — The story of her conversion is set forth in her famous book; "Von Babylon nach Jerusalem" (1851). This work could also reasonalily be called a defence of the Catholic Church. The little book: " Aus Jerusalem " (1851) runs along the same trend of thought, and was followed by "Die Liebhaber des Kreuzes" (1852). Eight years later (1860) she reverted to the novel pure and simple in "Maria Regina", which achieved an immense circulation. In "Doralice" (1861) she displayed even more improvement and artistic refinement. This book was followed by " Die zwei Schwestern" (1863), "Peregrin" (1864), "Die Erbin von Cronenstein" (1869), " Geschichte einer armen Familie" (1869), " Die Erzahlung des Hofrats" (1871), "Die Glocknerstochter" (1871), "Vergieb uns unsere Schuld " (1874), "Nirwana" (1875), "Der breite Weg und die enge Strasse" (1877), and "Wahl und Fuhrung" (1878).
Devotional works. — "Die Martyrer" (1856), "Die Vater der Wustc" (1857), "Die Vater der oriental- ischen Kirche" (1S50), "Vier Lebensbilder. Ein Papst, ein Bischof, ein Priester, ein Jesuit" (1861); "St. Augustinus" (1866), "Evidoxia" (1867), " Leben der ill. Theresia von Jesus" (1867), and many others written in a straightforward, simple style.
Her works, before her conversion, appeared at Leipzig and Berlin; after her conversion, at Mainz. The " J\ibilee edition " appeared at Ratisbon in 1905, with a preface by Sehaching.
Helene (LemaTthe). Gr<iftn Ida //n/^n-//a^n (Leipzig. 1869): Haffner. Griifin Iilii Hahn-Hahn (Frankfort, ISSO); Keiter, Ida Griifin llnhn-IInhn, ein Lehcnti- und Literalurbild (Wiirz- burg. s. <i.): Stockmann, Ida Griifin Hahn-Hahn, ein Lebena- bild in Stimmm atis Maria-Laach (1905), 300-14, 424-,'?9. 542-
56.
N. SCHEID.
Haid, Herexaus, catechist, b. in the Dioce.se of
Ratisbon, 16 February, 1784; d. 7 January, 187.'5.
His parents were quite destitute, and Haid, in his
earliest youth, was deprived of all schooling. He was
a shepherd's boy and had learned from his pious
mother only how to say the rosary and to recite the
little catechism of Canisius. Despite privation and
obstacles, he finishefl his preparatory studies at Neu-
burg and his theological studies at Landshut. At
Munich, which diocese ho entered (1807) after his
ordination, he obtained the degree of Doctor of Divin-
ity, in 1808. But parochial work was not to be his
field. His relations with Sailer (q. v.) inclined him to
a literary life and among the first shorter productions
of his pen was a treatise "Der Rosenkranz nach
Meinung der kath. Kirche'" (Landshut, ISIO). It
was through Sailer's intervention too that he was
called to St. Gall as professor of exegesis. Here he
taught from 1813 to 1818, and also acted as spiritual
director in the seminary. His ability was soon
recognized even at Munich, and he was called back
and placed in charge of an important parish. Tlie
exasperation shown in anti-religious circles of Munich
at his return is the best possible evidence of his apos-
tolic zeal and energy. After much chicanery and
government pressure he was relegated to a co\mtry
parish (1824). But he ventured to return to the
capital under Ludwig and was highly honouretl by
his bishop.
One of his most intimate friends. Dr. Ringseis, has paid in his "Erinnerungen" (I, p. 113) a glowing tribute to Haid's labours as a confessor. His life work was the establishment of the catechism course in his church of Unsere liebe Frau, whereby he has merited a place in the history of catechetics. The origin and growth of this foundation is described in his large catechetical work "Die gesamte christliche Lehre in ihrem Zusammcnhang" (7 vols., Munich, 1837-45). In the preface to the seventh volume he explains the manner in which he was wont to conduct his catechizing. In his simple statements is to be found a complete theory or system of catechetics. He lays special stress on the Roman catechism antl the catechism of Canisius. The deep voiieration in which Haid, from his earliest youth, hail held the latter found expression in his later writings, when he not only edited under different forms and translated the "Summa doctrina? Christiana-" of Blessed Peter Canisius, but also pul)lished some of the smaller works and a comprehensive biography of their author. During the closing years of his life he was afllicted with almost total blindness, but he bore his affliction with the greatest resignation. When death cl:iimed him he had almost reached his ninetieth year. An ac- count of a number of Haid's smaller works, not men- tioned above, is to be found in the third volume of Kavser's " Bucherlexikon " (Leipzig, 1835), 16.
Aitinehener Paaloralblatt, 1873; RiNOSEi8,£nnn(Tuni7CTi, cape- eiallyIandIV(1886). N. ScHE.D.
Haid, Leo. See North Carolina, Vicariate
.\POSTOLIC OP.
Hail Mary. — The Hail Mary (sometimes called the ". Angelical salutation", sometimes, from the first word's of its Latin form, the "Ave Maria") is the most familiar of all the prayers used by the Universal Church in honour of our Blessed Lady. It is com- monly described as consisting of three parts. The first, "Hail (Mary) full of grace, the Lord ls with thee, blessed art thou amongst women", embodies the words used by the Angel Gabriel in saluting the Blessed Virgin (Luke, i, 28). The second, "and blessed is the fruit of thy womb (Jesus) ", is borrowed from the Divinely in.spired greeting of St. Elizabeth (Luke, i, 42), which attaches itself the more naturally to the first part, becau.se the words "benedicta tu in mulieribus" (i, 28) or "inter mulieres" (i, 42) are common to both salutations. Finally, the petition "Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners now and at the "hour of our death. Amen." is stated by the official "Catechism of the Council of Trent" to have been framed bv the Church itself. "Mo.st rightly" says the Catechism, "has the Holy Church of God added to this thanksgiving, petition also and the in- vocation of the most holy Mother of God, thereby im- plying that we .should piously and suppliantly have recourse to her in order that by her intercession she may reconcile God with us sinners and obtain for U6
