LALEMANT
752
LALLEMANT
Hoecken, who in that year established the summer
mission of St. Paul at the Falls. In 1870 they were
officially described as living entirely by hunting and
fi.shing, selling their furs to the traders, well fed and
clothed, peaceable, friendly, independent, and Catho-
hc in religion. They numbered then 239. In 1872
they were collected with other kindred tribes upon Col-
ville Reservation in the same territory. With the
other confederated tribes they are now attached to the
mission of Saint John Francis Regis, at Ward, in
charge of the Jesuit Fathers, assisted by the Sisters of
Charity of Providence. They numbered 283 in 1908,
a considerable increase over earlier figures. (See also
Kalispel, Indians.)
Bureau Cath. Ind. Missions, Reports (Washington); Re- ports of Commissioner of Indian Affairs (Washington) ; Mooney in Handbook Am. Inds., I (Washington, 1907), s. v. Missions: Shea. Catholic Missions (New York, 1854); de Smet, Oregon Missions (New York, 1847); Winans in Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs (Washington, 1870).
JAME.S Mooney.
Lalemant, Charles, b. at Paris, 17 November, 1587; d. there, 18 November, 1674. He was the first superior of the Jesuit missions in Canada, and his letter to his brother dated 1 August, 1626, inaugu- rated the series of "Relations" about the missionary work in that country. Thwarted by the Trading Company at Quebec in his efforts to evangelize the Indians, he went to France to protest. Attempting to return to America his vessel was captured by Kirke who was then blockading the St. Lawrence, and he was sent as a prisoner to England. A sec- ond attempt resulted in shipwreck off Cape Canso, and on his way back to France in a fishing smack which picked him up he was wrecked a second time on the coast of Spain. He finally reached America in 1632 after Quebec was restored to the French. He was the friend and confessor of Cham- plain, who died in his arms. He returned again to France in 1638, where he became procurator of the Canadian missions, vice provincial and superior of the " Professed house" in Paris. It was he who obtained the concession of the Island of Montreal for the colony of Dauversiere, and he also got Maisonneuve and Jeanne Mance to engage in the undertaking. When there was question of appointing the first Bishop of Quebec, his candidacy was urged. He is the author of a spiritual work, not generally known, entitled "La vie cach^e de Notre Seigneur J^sus-Christ", and is not to be confounded with Louis Lallement who is the author of "Les conferences spirituelles".
T. J. Campbell.
Lalemant, Gabriel, Jesuit missionary, b. at Paris, 10 October, 1610; d. in the Huron country, 17 March, 16-19. He was the nephew of Charles and Jerome Lalemant, and became a Jesuit at Paris, 2-4 March, 1630. He arrived in Canada, 20 September, 1646, and after remaining in Quebec for two years, was sent to the Huron missions as de Brebeuf's assistant. He was scarcely there a month when the Iroquois attacked the settlement of St. Ignatius which they burned, and then descended on the mission of St. Louis where they found de Brcbeuf and Lalemant. After setting fire to the \illage and killing many of the inhabitants, they led the two priests back to St. Igna- tius where they were tied to stakes and after horrible torture put to death. Lalemant stood by while his companion was being killed. De Brcbeuf expired at three in the afternoon. Lalemant's suffering began at six that evening and lasted until nine o'clock next morning. When the Iroquois withdrew, the bodies of the two priests were carried over to St. Mary's where they were interred. Some of the relics of Lalemant were subsequently carried to Quebec.
Relations, passim : Rochemonteix, Les JMuitea de la Nouvelle France: Martin, Hurons et Iroquois; Ferland. Hisloire dvt Canada; Journal dee Jeeutte*.
T. J. Campbell.
Lalemant, Jerome, alias IIierosme, Jesuit mis-
sionary, b. at Paris, 27 April, 1593; d. at Quebec, 16
November, 1665. He entered the order at Paris,
20 October, 1610. Arriving in Canada 25 June, 1638,
he immediately went to the Huron missions as supe-
rior. He took the first regular census of the Indians,
instituted the organization of the donnes or lay assist-
ants of the missionaries, and re-arranged the different
missionary posts making the new establishment of
St. Mary's on the Wye the central one. In 1645 he
returned to Quebec as general superior. In 1656 he
was recalled to France and in 1658 was made rector
of the Royal college of La Fleche; but was hardly in-
stalled when he was asked for by Laval as Vicar-
General of Quebec. He returned with Laval in 1659
and acted as his vicar during all the troubles with the
Governors d'Argenson, d'Avaugour, and de M6sy,
and also with de Queylus who was an aspirant for the
Bishopric of Quebec. He remained superior and
vicar-general until the end of his life. He wrote
many of the "Relations", and also most of the only
volume we have of the "Journal des Jdsuites".
T. J. Campbell.
Lallemant, Jacques-Philippe, French Jesuit, b. at St-Valery-sur-Somme about 1660; d. at Paris, 1748. Little is known of him beyond his writings. He took part in the discussion on the Chinese rites, and wrote the "Journal historique des assemblees tenues en Sorbonne pour condamner les M^moires de la Chine" (Paris, 1700), a defence of his confrere Le- comte against the Sorbonnist, Jacques Lefcvre. In his "Histoire des Contestations sur la Diplomatique" (Paris, 1708) he sided with the Jesuits Hardouin and Papebroch against the Benedictine Maljillon. His principal works, however, are against the Jansenists. In close succession he published; "Le Pere Quesnel seditieux dans ses Reflexions sur le Nouveau Testa- ment " (Brussels, 1704); "Jans^nius condamne par I'Eglise, par lui-meme, par ses defenseurs et par St- Augustin" (Brussels, 1705); "Le veritable esprit des nouveaux disciples de St-Augustin" (Brussels, 1 706-7) ; "Les Hexaples ou les six colonnes sur la Constitution Unigenitus" (Amsterdam, 1714), with a number of pamphlets in defence of the same; "Entretiens au sujet des affaires pr6sentes par rapport k la religion " (Paris, 1734-1743). The better to counteract Ques- nel's "Reflexions morales", Lallemant composed, in collaboration with other Jesuits (e. g. Bouhours and Michel), "Reflexions morales sur le Nouveau Testa- ment traduit en frangais " (Paris, 1713-25), which F6n- elon styled very pious and capal)le of guiding the reader through any part of the sacred text. This work, translated into many languages, enjoyed a well- deserved popularity, and the latest edition (Lille, 1836) was warmly praised by the "Revue Catholique". Lallemant is also the author of "Le Sens propre et littoral des Psaumes de David" (Paris, 1709) and of "L'Imitation de Jtsus-Christ, traduction nouvelle" (Paris, 1740), of which there have been countless edi- tions and translations. The " Memoires de Trevoux " (Aug., 1713, and May, 1714) contain several disserta- tions with Lallemant's initials, and the Jansenists attributed to him several writings like the "Mande- ment of M. de Vintimille centre les Nouvelles Eccl^si- astiques " (1732) and the supplement to the " Nouvelles Ecclesiastiques " (1734-8).
De Backer and Sommervogel. Bibliothique des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de J^su^, s. v. ; QuERARD, Auteurs pseudonymes et ananymes, s. v.; Barbier, Dictionnaire des ouvrages anonymes.
J. F. Soluer.
Lallemant, Louis, French Jesuit, b. at Chalons-
sur-Marne, 1588; d. at Bourges, 5 April, 1635. After
making his studies under the Fathers of the Society of
Jesus, he entered that order in 1605; having com-
pleted the usual course of study and teaching which is
