UEO
167
LIO
•o-called "Sactamentarium Leonianum" is a collec-
tion of orationa and prefaces of the Mass, prepared in
the second half of the sixth century. Leo died on 10
November, 461. and was buried in the vestibule of
St. Peter's on the Vatican. In 688 Pope Sergius had
his remains transferred to the basilica itself, and a
special altar erected over them. They rest to-day in
St. Peter's, beneath the altar specially dedicated to St.
Leo. In 1754 Benedict XIV exalted him to the dig-
nity of Doctor of the Church (doctor ecdesice). In
the Latin Church the feast day of the great pope is
held on 11 April, and in the Eastern Church on 18
Februaiy.
LmnU Opera omnia, ed. Abdicinxo dblla Porta (Rome, 1470); ed. Qub8NBL (2 vols., Paris, 1675); edd. Petrds and HnBONTMUS Ballerini (3 vols., VeDice, 1753-7); ed. in P. L., LIV-VI; Amslu, iS. Leone Magna e VOrienU (Rome, 1882; MontacMMno. 1890); Momusen in Neuee Archiv, XI (1886), 361-8; JAfTB, RegeMa Rom. Pont., 2nd ed.. I, 58 sqq.; von NosnTS-RxENECK, Die Briefe Papat Leoe J. im Codex Afonacen. 14640 in HieUnieckee Jahrbuch (1897). 117-33; Idem, Die pdpmieken Urkunden fiir Theeealonike und deren Kritik dutch Prof, Friedrich in Zeiischr. fiir kath. Theologie (1897), 1-50. Trioslation of letters and sermons given in Feltoe, A eelect lAbfory of Nieene and Poat-Nicene Pcikere, XII (2nd series. New York, 1806); Sacramentaritun Leonianum, ed. Feltoe (Cam- bridpO; 1897). (^noeming the Saeramentarium, cf. Duchesne, ChruUan Worehip; ita origin and evoltUion (London, 1903), 135 SOQ.: and Probst, Die nlUdKn ritmiachen Sakramentarien und OrOinea erkUiH (Monster, 1892). — Liber Pontificalia, ed. Ddchbanb, I, 238 sqq.; Tillemont, Mhnoirea pour aervir ii I'hiatoire eedra.,'KV, 414 sqq.; Arendt, Leo derOroaae u. aeine Ztit (Hiuns. 1835); Perthbl, Papat Leoa L Leben u. Lehren (Jena. 1843); db Saint-Ch^ron, aiat. du Pontificat de Saint- I>on U Qrand (Paris. 1845; 2nd ed., 1861-4): Fr. and P. RoBRiNOEB, Die Vnter dea Papattuma Leo L und Oregor I in Die Kirche Chriati u. ihre Zeugen (Stuttgart, 1879); Bertani, Vita di Leone Magno (3 vols., Honsa, 1880-2); Gore in IHel. ChriM. Biog, (London, 1882), s. v.; Lanoen. Geach. der rtim. Kirche, II (Bonn, 1885), 1 sqq.; Grisar, Oe^rh. Roma u. der Pdpale im MitUlaUer, I, 308 sqq.; Idem, // Primato romano nel aecolo ouinlo in Analecta Romana, I (Rome, 1900), 307-52); Idem, Rom u. die frUnkiache Kirche vomehmlich im VL Jahrhunderl in Zeitachr. fiir kath. Theologie (1890), 447-93; GundlacH; Der Streit der Biatftmer Arlea u. Vtenne um den Primatua Galltarum in Nauea Arehiv (1889). 250 sqq.; (1890), 9 sqq., 233 sqq.; KuHK, Die Chriatologie Leoa L dea Oroaaen (Wiirzourg, 1894); Hbpblb, Konziliengeach., II (2nd ed.), passim.
J. P. KiRSCH.
Lao n, Saint, Pope ((>82-83), date of birth un- known; d. 28 June, (>8.3. He was a Sicilian, and son of one Paul. Though elected pope a few days after the death of St. Agatho (10 Jan., 681), he was not conse- crated till after the lapse of a year and seven months (17 .^ug., 682). Under Leo's predecessor St. Agatho, negotiations had been opened between the Holy See and Emperor Constantine Pogonatus concerning the relations of the Byzantine Court to papal elections. Gonstantine had already promised Agatho to abolish or reduce the tax which for about a century the popes had had to pay to the imperial treasury on the occasion of their consecration, and under Leo's successor he made other changas in what had hitherto been re-
auired of the Roman C!hurch at the time of a papal lection. In all probability, therefore, it was con- tinued correspondence on this matter which caused the delay of the imperial confirmation of Leo's election, and hence the long postponement of his consecration. The most important act accomplished bv Leo in his short pontificate was his confirmation of the acts of the Sixth (Ecumenical Council (680^1). This council bad been held in Constantinople against the Monothe- lites, and had been presided over by the legates of Pope Agatho. After Leo had notified the emperor that the decrees of the council had been confirmed by him, he proceeded to make them known to the nations of the West. The letters which he sent for this end to the kinff and to the bishops and nobles of Spain have eome down to us. In them he explained what the council had effected, and he called upon the bishops to fnibwribe to its decrees. At the same time he was at pains to make it clear that in condemning his pred- ecessor Honorius I, he did so, not because he taught heresy, but because he was not active enough in op-
posing it. In accordance with the papal mandate, a
synod was held at Toledo (684) in which the Council
of Constantinople was accepted.
The fact that Ravenna had long been the residence of the emperors or of their representatives, the exarchs, had awakened the ambition of its archbishops. They aspired to the privileges of patriarchs and desired to be autocephalouSj i. e. free from the direct jurisdiction of the pope, considered as their primate. As they could not succeed in inducing the popes to agree to their wishes, they attempted to secure their accomplish- ment by an imperial decree recognizing them as auto- cephalous. But this did not prove sufficient to enable the ardhbishops to effect their purpose, and Leo ob- tained from Constantine Pogonatus the revocation of the edict of Constans. On his side, however, Leo abolished the tax which the archbishops had been accustomed to pay when they received the pallium. And though he insisted that the archbishops-eleot must come to Rome to be consecrated, he consented to the arrangement that they should not be obliged to remain in Rome more than eight days at the tii^e of their consecration, and that, while they were not to be bound to come again to Rome themselves in order to offer their homage to the pope, they were each year to send a delegate to do so in their name. Perhaps because he feared that the Lombards might agam ravage the catacombs, Leo transferred thence many of the relics of the martyrs into a church which he built to receive them. This pope, who is called by his contemporary biographer both just and learned, is commemorated as a saint in the Roman Martyrology
on 28 June.
Liber Pontificalia, ed. Duchesne, I (Paris, 1886), 359 sqq.; ViLLANU.N'O. Summa Condi. Hiapania, I (Barcelona. 1850), 310 sq.; Acta 8S., Jime, V, 375 sqq.; Mann, Livea of the Popea, I (London, 1902), pt. II, 49 sqq.
Horace K. Mann.
Leo m, Saint, Pope, date of birth unknown; d. 816. He was elected on the very day his predecessor was buried (26 Dec, 795), and consecrated on the fol- lowing day. It is quite possible that this liaste may liave been due to a desire on the part of the Romans to anticipate any interference of the Franks with their freedom of election. Leo was a Roman, the son of Aty uppius and Elizabeth. At the time of his election he was Cardinal-Priest of St. Susanna, and seemingly also vestiarius, or chief of the pontifical treasury, or wardrobe. With the letter informing Charlemagne that he had been unanimously elected pope, Leo sent him the keys of the confession of St. Peter, and the standard of the city. This he did to show that he regarded the Frankish king as the protector of the Holy See. In return he received from Charlemagne letters of con- gratulation and a great part of the treasure which the king had captured from the Avars. The acquisition of this wealth was one of the causes which enabled Leo to be such a great benefactor to the churches and charitable institutions of Rome.
Prompted by jealousy or ambition, or by feelings of hatred and revenge, a number of the relatives of Pope Adrian I formed a plot to render Leo unfit to hold his sacred office. On the occasion of the procession of the Greater Litanies (25 April, 799), when the pope was making his way towards the Flaminian Gate, ne was suddenly attacked by a body of armed men. He was dashed to the ground, and an effort was made to root out his tongue and tear out his eyes. After he had been left for a time bleeding in the street, he was hur- ried off at night to the monastery of St. Erasmus on the Coelian. There, in what seemed quite a miracu- lous manner, he recovered the full use of his eyes and tongue. Escaping from the monastery, he betook himself to (!!harleinagne, accompanied by many of the* Romans. He was received by the Frankish king with the greatest honour at Paderbom, although his enemies Imd filled the king's ears with malicious accu-
