Lurz 2
tbe rastored liberties at the Church. Much tA the credit for thia growth is due to the vigorous and un- wearied labours of the fifth bishop, the great Franz- Josef Rudigier (1853-K-l). His deep rehgious faith and his pre-eminently ('alhulic principles, as wcU as his unyieiiiinK will, nimic him for many yearn the in- tellectual leader of the Austritm Catholics in their struggle with Liberalism. .Austrian Liberalism, un- tagoiiistic to tiie Church, controlled for decades the destinies of the country. The bishop was the zealuus friend and promoter of evcr^ expression of religious life: Christian schools, religious associations, the biulding of churches, the Catbulic press, the founding of houses of the religious orders and congregations, which greatly increased during hi.i episcopat«. Ever memorable is the manly stand ho took on lx<half of the Concordat of 1855. Thia Concorilat was bitterly Mttagonized and much calumniated by the Lilierals, and was annulled by the guvernnieiit in 1S6» and 1870 without consultation with the Holy See.
Equally memorable is his struggle against what arc called the " Interoonfessional" laws of 25 May, 1W8, which were hostile to the Church, and to the marriage and school laws. The bishop's opposition to these ordinances led to judicial proceedings against him and to a tine, which was, however, at once remitted by the emperor. His defence of the rights of the Church in renid to the Christian schools hnti fur result that the Liberal parliamentary majority in ISGt) confiscated tbe lands forming the endowment of the diocese, and withheld them until the downfall of Lil>eralism in
which he prepar««l the way by founding
■OBOciation for building the calbmlral. Hit
Enut Maria Midler, hod only a idtiirt. epiKcnpatc (1883
-8). In the next bisiiop, Franz Maria DojipttllMUcr
(1889-1908), the diocese reccivi-d a tnily apostolic
head, whose influence extended far Iwyinid his own
sphere of work. He wan a vii^orous patron and pro-
moter of every Catliolic interest in .Austria. As a
true modern bishop he gave sjieciol encouragement to
Catholic associations and the Catholic press, which,
even during his enrliest years on the mission, he had
done much to encourage, establishing personally a
'newspaper. He foundetl at Urfahr a msgiiificent
seminary for boyii, the Petrinum, as a fine training-
ground for the future clergy. The completion of the
cathedral (consecrated May, 1905) wHsalmidue to his
'5 LIKZ
and teachers, 8 prefects, 363 pupils), and 3 prepara- tory semin&riea for boys.
The male orders in the diocese are: 2 monasteries of Canons Regular of St. Augustine at St. Florian and Reichersbcrg, with Xin 191U) IIJ fathers, 12 clerics, lay brothers, and a theological Kchooi of the order at St. Florian; 1 monastery of Fnemoiistratcnsian Can- ons at Schlagl, 42 fathers, 3 clerics, I brother; 2 Bene- dictine aliljeys at KremsmUtistcr and Lambach, 112 fathers, 10 clerics, 12 brothers; 2 Cistercian abbeys, Schlicrbach and Wiihering, 60 fathers, 10 clerics, 1 lay brother; 7 Franciscan monasteries, 33 fathers, 31 brothers; 4 Capuchin monasteries, 33 fathcru, 20 brothers; I monastery of the Discolced Carmelites, 10 fathers, 4 clerics, 8 brothers; 1 nionastcry of the Brothers of Mercy, 1 father, 19 brothers; 3 houses of the Jesuits, 45 fathers. 14 lirolhers; 2 houses of the
B^ j.^'J!' *
pil
. - ■"■-%■
fiip*
^
of the monasteries in Austria by Joseph U. He
bom 24 July, 1S5D; appointed bishop 17 March, 1909;
coosecratcd 1 May, 1900.
JI. Statistics. — The Diocese of Lin* includes the Duchy of Upper Au-stria and some townships in Lower Austria. The Duchy of Upper Austria has an an>a of nearly 4625 square miles; the population is 840,900. According to the census of 1900, it possessed 810.246 inhabitants, of whom 7!H).270 were Calholics, H4.:{73 Pnttestants, 1280 Jews. The Diocese of Linz is divided into 34 dcanerie.t. and. at tlic beginning of 1910, in- cluded 419 parishes, 1 Bxpuxitur. 48 w.-ncfices, 718 secular priests, 479 regulars, 5fil Catholic schools, and 813,511 souls (20,506 non-Cut hoi icsj of pure Uemuui descent. The bisliop is appointed by the cmi>eror, lie cathedral chapter consists of a mitred provost, who is appointed by the pope, a dean, a tchMiiAieua, five canons (one appointed by the bishop, the Others
5{ the emperor), and six honorary canons. 'I'he ec- esiastical schools and institutions for training anil eilucation in the diocese are: the scininarj- for pricals in connexion with the diocesan thtnlogicol school (7 professors, 84 students), the aforestid episcopal semi- nary for boys (Collf^ium Pi'lrinurnl, e<iniieeti'd with the episcopal private gyniiuu-iuin h( I'rfahr on the bank of the Pauubeand opjiosili.' Linz (IKprofessura
(ThcNewGikthcdmb
Redemptorists, 14 fathers, 16 brothers; 2 houses of the Congregation of Haiy (Brothers of Mary), 5 fathers, SO brothers; 1 mission-house of the Ciblatcs of St. Francis de Sales. 5 fathers, 2 clerics. 3 brothers; 1 house of the Society of the Divine Saviour (Salva- loria.n'i), 5 fathers, 20 brothers; 1 institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools. 4 bmlhera. Total, 479 priests. 41 clerics, 205 brot hi.'rs. The female orders and congregations have numerous houses in the dio- ces«';_the memljers devote themselves mainly 1o the training and education of girls in boarding-schools, day schools, orphan asylums, etc., and also to nursing the sick: Ursulmes, 58 Bisters;Sistcrs of St. Elizabeth, 46 sinters; Discalced Carmelites, 39 sisters in 2 houses; Salesi:in Nuns, 38 sisters; Redemptorists. 41 sisters: I^diesof Charity of the Good Shepherd, 5;); Sisters o( Cliariiy of St. Vincent de Paul, 2!i7 iu 17 houses; Sis- ters of Mercy of St. Cliarlcs Borromeo, 111 in 44 houses; SUters of the Holv Cross, 637 in 70 hoiisea; ScbiKil Sisters of the Third Order of St. Francis, 377 in 3U institutes; School Sisters of Notre Dame. 24 in 3 honses; Sisters of the Thirtl Onier of Mount t'nrmel. 1.'>3 in 20 insi iLutes; Obktes of St. Fmncls dc Salos. 25 listers; Sisti>ra of the Congregation of Christian Char- ity. IS sisters. Total. ISO houses wiih 191 7 sisters.
Religious Ufe is ingeneral in a flourishing condition; there are numerous religious associations and brother- hoods. The Piiisvereiu, wiib its headquarters at Line, has for its Bpeci:il iibjecl tlic encouragi-ment of the Uatholic press. The most important church, iti IW
