MALME8BURT 573 MALPIGHI
- ^»^*; %K'^*****iiJS'^^°'*' ^®^^' WiLDiiAN. Lift o! himself in his "Reply to Mr. James Ussher his An-
at. ^Idhdm (Sherborne, 1906). Gitbe«t Dolan swere, wherein it is discovered how Answerlesse the
ui-AN. said Mr. Ussher retumeth. The uniform consent also
Malmesbnry, The Monk op, supposed author of a ?/ Antiquity is declared to stande for the Roman Re-
chroniTaS the Cottoniail mIT^ the British fejln^^ ^hn^^iTL^ TZ^r^LT^}^fl'l
Museum {Vesp%. IV. 73) which Tanner states to be t^^1^m^.':^^J^!^T:i'^^^^
only
cording to Sir Thoma* Hardy, is almost entirrfy based KIX.1^^'^' wK,VK"K~o*fc«n*^iliV
on thS of Geoffrey of Monmouth. It is a vilueless ^^J^2,A w^if v Tvli^f Lr^-^^w. «„,„.*■>..•.
Ss^bSrs^h^nZ^^'arid^eMato^b^*"^^^ S^KS^S^^-^^IT Zs4t' ^tls'l^e^iS
s TbbLJ'rjfa&s^ML'^XfoSdS T^^^:^^fdi'd±^^^^^
the library of that abbey he was regarded as a man of ^?? wrote aprnst the book. Itis the only work
literary SLtes, but his aithorshipTthe MS.^ "S'^«%o=' Sl^ K te^S*^ V iU
Ciently disproved, apart from its identity with Alfred Bnoluh Province S. J. (London, 1882), vii; UasHER. Wo7k%
of Beverley, by the fact that his death took place in or (Dublin, 1847); Gii^ert in Diet. Nat. Biog., b. v.; Sommcr-
before 1107, when Edulf became abbot. Probably the ^«'«'- Btbltath^<iue de la Compaonu de JSsu, (Pana^ 1894)
si^pature merely indicates previous ownership. It is olater.
said that a fifteenth-century Italian writer, Baptista Malory, Sir Thomas.— Of Malory no single bio-
Fulgosus, includes the work of Gotfredus Angliw graphicafstatement is beyond con jecture save that he
Histoncus' among the authonti^ he had consulted, ^^g a knight, that his '*booke was ended in the 9th
Tanner, Btbliotheca BrU.-Htbemtca (London, 1748): Hardt, --^^_ ^t ♦W« ,»«r«»«A rv* ir:«» i?>rlnr«..^ +u« i?a«i.4^1i '» ««,i
Catalogue if Documents iUuMtrating British History. I (London; V^^ ?I ^^ reygne of Kmg EawBM the Fourth , and
1862), 667; Kxnospord in Diet. Nat. Biog., s. v. Godfrey of that it was not pnnted Until 1485 when Caxton, the
Malmeabury. • first of English printers, published it with an illu-
liiDWiN Burton. minating preface from his own hand. Upon an
M.IO.S..NT. See M.OHxm,B, SMST. e"^rl^S^Ta**l,S'SSTurir!^"'lSo"$ Malone, William, Jesuit missioner and writer; b., **»« gratification of identifying the birthplace of the according to the best authorities, in 1586; d. at Se- romancer with the s6ene8 of the Arthurian epic. It ville, 1655. His father, Simon Malone, was a Dublin **«« remained for modern scholarship to advance the merchant, and his mother was Margaret Bexwick, a more probable conjecture tiiat Malory was a gentleman native of Manchester. William entered the Society of o* an ancient house of Warwickshire and that, as a Jesus at Rome in 1606, and, after studying there and young man, he served in France in the retinue of that in Portugal, was sent as a missioner to Ireland in 1615. estimable " Father of Courtesy ", Richard Beauchamp, In 1635 he was summoned to Rome, where he was Eari of Warwick. (See " WTio Was Sir Thomas made rector of the Irish College, a post which he held Malory?" by G. S. Kittredge, in " Studies and Notes m for many years. He was again sent to Ireland in Philology and Literature^', V, Boston, 1897.) The 1647 as superior of the Irish Mission of the Society, obscurity of the author is in somewhat dramatic con- His term of oflBce fell in most difficult times. In a ^rast to the unfailing clarity of appreciation which his letter dated from Waterford, 15 March, 1649, he savs '*Morte Arthure" lias aroused for the past four cen- that the burden was heavier on his shoulders than turies. WTiile the *'Morte" is a compilation, or mo- Mount Etna, so that he could say with the AposUe sa»c, of the French romances of Merlin. Lancelot and that he was weary even of life. He was at Waterford Tristan, and the English version of the " Morte Ar- when the town was taken by the Parliamentarians, thure"fromGeoflfreyof Monmouth, Malory succeeded and being captured he was banished. On reaching "^ changing the episodical character of his material Seville his talents for government were again utilised, '^^ J*s mtuitions of varying racial points of view into and he was made rector of the Jesuit a)llege of St. unvaryhig ideals of conduct in epic conflict of fate, Gregory in that city. Dr. Oliver says of Malone that ideals that were to affect profoundly subsequent ar- during nearly a quarter of a century he rendered good t*8tic conceptions, the poetry of Spenser, Milton, Ten- service to the Irish Mission by his splendid talents, nyson, Arnold, Morris, and Swinburne, the painting of apostolic zeal, and extraordinary prudence. Dodd, Rossetti, Watts, axU Bume-Jones, and the lyric drama
in his Church History of England'^ testifies that "he ^^^^^I-
was a person of learning and conduct, and well es- ^^ addition to being a permanent contribution to
teemed not only by those of his own order, but by all *he content of artistic expression, the " Morte Arthure"
others that had any knowledge of him". lays claim to being the earliest production of EngUsh
As a writer he is well known from his controversy prose, the matter of Pecock and Fortescue having
with Ussher, the famou3 Protestant Archbishop of given as yet no hint that the prose of the vernacular
Armagh. Malone himself tells us how the contro- could be fashioned into a medium of adequate literary
versy arose. At the request of his friend. Sir Piers expression. "Malory's prose is conscious without the
Crosby, not long after Malone had come to Ireland in jawing egoism of the younger prose; it adopts new
1615, he wrote a " Demand concerning the idteration words without the risk of pedantry and harshness; and
of Faith and Religion in the Roman Church." Al- >* expresses the varying importance of the passages of
though both Dodd and Sommervogel put this paper ^^^ s^ory in corresponding fluctuation in the intensity
down as one of his " Works", it was in reality nothmg ^^J^ ^'^gV^g®/.'/,. .^ , ,. .
more than a thesis, pro,x^ition, or brief statement o] ,„SSltX%,,SSSfF^^f X^Xi^Si.'tr^
the Cathohc position m the relimous controversy. It tee also Morlet. English Writers, vol. VI: Ker. Essay in Me-
was hurriedly drawn up by MaJone at the request of dieval Literature (London, 1905); Sinrn. The Transition Period
his Protestant friend, who said that he was convinced j^iS'jAvL^h^^d^^ Flourishing of Romance and
that it could be answered by Ussher, then Dean of uegory , . Jarvis Keiley Finglas. The thesis was printed both by Ussher, in
his "Answer to a Challenge made by a Jesuit in Ire- Malpighi, Marcello, founder of comparativephys-
land ", published in London, 1626, and also by Malone idogy, b. at Crevalcore, 10 March, 1628; d. at Rqoda^
