of the Tigris have seriously deoreaaediniiumberB. The title ot mftphrian still exists, but the office has loat all ita unportance and dignity.
AWBUAHI, BiUimhtca Onentalii. I, ITS; II. liv. 209. 214, 21S: Bah Heboaids. Chnmiam taUria^icum. ed. Abbeloos «hd Lamt, 1L parti.piTif-,p. xviii; part ui, epiloffue; ViedtMandOt •d. by N*u; Laboubt, Le chriiliani'me Oant rrmpin Prrm (Fuii. IBM).
J, Labourt.
Harui, Prudbntius, a learned Benedictme of the Uaurist Congregation b. 140ctober,ie83,atS^aniie, in the Department of Mame; d.2 April, 1762, at Paris. After studying humanities at PanB he became a Bene- dictine at the abbey of St. Faron near Meaux on 30 Januaiy, 1703, and continued hLs studies at the abbey of St. Denis. He was then sent to tjt. Germain-de»- Prts to collaborate with his confrere Toutt^ in the edition of the works of St. Cyril of Jerusalem. In 1734 he was forced to leave St. Germain-des-Pr^ at the instance of Cardinal Bisay, who suspected htm of keeping his confreres from accepting the Bull " Uni- genitus". After spending a year at the abbey of Or- bais, he was sent to St. Martin de Poiitoise and in 1737 he was transferred to the abbey of Blaacs-Manleaux. where he spent the remainder of his life. His profound knowledge of theology and patriHlics is attested by the learned and exhaustive introductions which he pre- fixed to his critical editions of Grceic and Latin Fa- thers as well as by hia other literary productions.
His masterpiece is the cditiuD of the works of St. Justin: " Justini philos. ot martyris opera qum extant omnia necnon TatiiLni, Athcnagonc, S. Theophili, Hermiie" (Paris, 1742; l". G., IV). He further edited the works of St. Cyril of Jerusalem which had been
frepared by Touttfe: "S. Cyriili Hieroa. opera" Paris, 1720; P. G., XXXIII); the works ot St. Cyp- rian which had been begun by St. Baluie: "8. Cyp- riani opera", to which he prefixed a basic life of St. Cyprian (Paris, 1726, P. L.. IV); the third volume of the works of St. Basil, the two firat volumes of which had been completed by Gamier (Paris, 1730). His other works, aft anonymous, are " Dissertation but les Simiariena" (Paris, 1722); "Divinitas domini noHtri Jeeu Christi manifeata in scripturis et traditione" tParis, 1746; new cd.,Wiir!burg, 1859); "Ladivinit* de J^us Christ prouvte contre tes h^r^tiques ct les d6i3t«s",3 vols. (Paris, 1751); "La doctrine de I'^cri- ture et dea p^res aur les ^u^risons miraculeitsea " (Paris, 1754) ; " Los grandeurs de JiiauB Christ aveo la defense de sa divinity" (Paris, 1756).
Tavih. Hilt. lilt, dt !a eonorfe. dn SaitU-Maar (Bruaula, 1770). 741-e (Gonn. tr.. FranWurt, 1773>, II, 541-553: Le Cbhf. StMioCAiW Aisf. rtcril. itaaalcuride lacoagrfa. ilc,<!iiinl- UauT (The Hseur. 1726), ^<-H; Laha. fiAI. da /criramida Id Conerlg. de Saint-Maur (Munich and Paris, 1HS2), 180-2; Hdhter, NomntdatoT Lifrmnui, IV, ;ird ed. (Inaibnick. 1910), 1462-5.
MlCHABL OtT,
Haranatba. See Anatiieua.
Haranbao. See Sao Luiz do Makanuao, Dio-
Haiuta, an Armenian Catholic Diocese. The an- dent name of this village was most probably Ger- manida, the seat of a titular see (see Vol. VI, 475). A patriarch resided here under Afens Comnenus, shortly after which the country fell into the hands of the Armenian princes. It (hen passed into the power of the Crusaders, who established there a countship dependent on tltat of Edeeaa. The Seljuks captured it in 1155, and after various changes of masters it belonged from the sixteenth century to the OamanU Turks. The town, built on the slopes of Ahour-dagh. is watered by numerous water-courses, tributaries ot Pyrnmus. It numbers 52,(K)0 inhabitants, nearly l:i,0()0 of whom are Catholics: Armenians, Chaldeans, I.iitins, Melchites, and Syrians; there are besides about lO.OftO schii^niatic Clirisliaiis, llie greal«r nuis- hi'r lioiti/f Anifniunn. Many of these depend on the
AmecicaQ Prot«etant miaaion. The Catholic dioceie
ocmtaiDi 6000 faithful. 12 native priests, 6 pajishea or
stations, 5 schools. The Armenian Sistere oi the Im-
maculate Conception have an establishment, aa have
the Franciscans for the Latin Catholics. The t«wn,
which is a sandjak of the vilayet of Aleppo, has a very
bad reputation. The Christians suffered partdculariy
at the hands of the Mussulmans in 1895 and ld09.
CuiNET, La Tunpiie iTAiU, II (Parii. 1802), Z2ft-4B: Dv CAHas, LttJan^Ut d-otart-mtr (Part, 1809), S«l aq.; Ui»- timtt aUAoIica (Rome, 1907). 7fiS.
S. VxiLHi.
Hvatta, CkB-io, Italian painter, b. at Oatnerini^ in the March of Ancons, 13 May, 1625; d. in Rome, 15 December, 1713. From very early years Maratta showed an extraordinary skill in design, and was sent by his patrons to Rome to study under Andrea Sacchi, with wnom be re- mained for many years, and for the
rded
hia
greatest fr . _
and benefactor.
After a while be
returned to his
own part of Italy,
and then in 1650,
in company with
the governor of
Ancona, iCardinal
Albriaio, who had
very much ad-
mired his talent,
he came again to
Rome, and was
introduced to
Alexander VTI,
who at once gave
him many com-
eventually, at the request of Sacchi, the important one for a painting of Constantine destroying the idols for the Baptistery of the Lateran. Tim was one of bis greatest works, and inninawKl fail popularity at the Vatican. In 1704 he was knigktad by Clement XI, and given the Onler ol Chriat, iriiik in the same year he was created painter ia onii- nary by Louis XIV of France, who had wen bia pie- ture of Daphne and greatly admired it. It ma am^ ing his residence in Rome that Maratta was atyltd Maratti by the Romans, and his name it frequently writtan in that form, althou^ originally it ynm aa iM have given it. The painter was a member of thftAaad- emy of St. Luke in Rome, and was not only artist but extremely clever at cleaning ana i__.
frescoes, and was employed by Clement XI to ,
out such work as was necessary for the Raphael liM- coesin the Vatican. He was also a clever etcber.uaBC the tool with much freedom and spirit.
His pictures are very numerous. There are •even] in the Louvre and others in Berlin, Munich, Vienna, Brussels, Rome, Florence, St, Pelersburg, and in tha National Gallery, Hampton Court., and at DevoOaUn House in England. As a portrait painlfr he takM high place. He was also a skilful architect, and re- sponsible for the designs of several buikiinga, Ba religious pictures are marked by a certain strength and nobility, coupled with a gracious harmony. He was not so skilful in arranging drapery, and was a little disposed to exaggerate the details and acceasoriea, breaking in upon the gcneml effect of his pictures, but this fiiult is less seen in his portraits than in his Madonna groups and religious compositions.
Vabari. Lt Viu dri Pillon (MiUnae ed.. Florence. 1S78, ISSr.i: Aavfi:,n«n Kvn-lltr-LaKOn (Fnukfoit. 1898): I^akd, Sloriii FiOunea dtlla llaliii (BuHsniio, 1806); DoutHId, Vilrdi Pillori (Naiilm, 174'.i); Uont:*. Oimriimnt OtUporictt ddt*
