which are now so warmly defended by Grothe and Becker. Professor Joh. Marquart, at present Professor in the University of Berlin, derides in the preface of his work, The Benin-collection of the National Museum of Ethnology in Leiden (1913), "the alleged function of Islâm as a bearer of culture," and he speaks with biting irony of the "blessings of the jihâd, predatory murder on the path of Allah turned into a religious duty," i. e., that duty which Germany now has again impressed on Turkey. It was not only in German missionary circles that Islâm was considered as the enemy who was most of all to be fought, but in a German colonial congress this resolution was adopted: "As the expansion of Islâm is a serious danger to the development of our colonies, the colonial congress suggests for earnest consideration,” etc.
Professor Martin Hartmann, who
