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208 CHRISTIAN GREECE AND LIVING GREEK. existed also a diversity of opinion, committed inevitable errors of judgment. To his credit it may be said that he alone assumed the re- sponsibility for all the actions of his government. This brought on him charges of maladministra- tion for which he was only partly guilty. The powers intrigued to bring this or that party at the direction of affairs ; instead of pro- tecting the Greek kingdom, they worked toward the dangers of revolution. Thus in 1830 and 1840 Russia organized the vast conspiracy of the Philorthodox ; iruTBijj Pur;p.in nruLJu^lnnd combined pushed energetically the event of the 3d of September (demand of a constitu- tion) ; in 1 847 England excited formidable re- volts in Euboea, in Phthiosis, and Archsea. In 1850 the persistent ill-will of the English gov- ernment showed itself especially in the Pacifico affair. Lord Palmerston sent the British fleet into the Piraeus under the pretext of supporting the ridiculous claims of the Jew Pacifico. Otho had hardly attained his majority when risings took place in Epiros and in Crete. They were crushed one after the other. In 1840, on the outbreak of a struggle between the Sultan and his great vassal in Egypt, Crete, together with Epiros, Thessaly, and Macedonia, then