Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/192

AMMUNITION 150 AMMUNITION term includes gunpowder, projectiles, rim or groove around the base which is primers, and accessories. The term seized by the extractor in removing the "fixed ammunition" is applied to the empty case after firing. condition when powder, projectile, or primer are combined in the single piece, rIME FUSES so as to be ready for firing when placed / { in the gun. It is also employed in the / Y case of ammunition for large guns, in which the powder is inclosed in a metal- f>eHCt/SSION FUSE GUN SHELLS. A. French 75 mm. Shrapnel Shell B. BritiBh 13 Pounder Shrapnel Shell C. United State" High Explosive Shell lie case which is primed, but is loaded separately from the projectile. This type of ammunition is now seldom used. The ammunition used in heavy guns is almost always fixed for calibers of less than 4 inches. The metallic cartridge ease employed for fixed ammunition is usually made of brass of the best qual- ity stamped from sheets or plates of varying thickness. The cases have a GUN SHELLS A. United States 3" Shrapnel Shell B. Russian 3" Shrapnel Shell C. German 3.30 Shrapnel Shell For guns of larger caliber, the propel- ling force, which is gunpowder, is in- closed in bags made of cloth. The charges are divided into sections when the weight of the complete charge is more than 100 pounds. The charges are ignited by primers which are of four types: percussion, friction, electric, and percussion and electric combined. The ammunition sup-