ther's death in 1892 he became Khedive. In 1893 he dismissed four of his ministers, but Lord Cromer interfered and he agreed to follow England's recommendations in all important matters. At the outbreak of the World War, the Khedive was the guest of the Sultan at Constantinople. On Dec. 18, 1914, the British Foreign Office announced a protectorate over Egypt. In a proclamation issued the following day. Abbas Hilmi was referred to as "lately Khedive of Egypt, who had adhered to the King's enemies" and it was declared that he had been deposed. The title of Khedive was abolished and that of Sultan was substituted. See Egypt.
ABBASSIDES, the name of a dynasty who possessed the caliphate for 524 years. There were 37 caliphs of this dynasty who succeeded one another without interruption. They claimed descent from Abbas, the uncle of Mohammed. The most famous caliphs of this dynasty were Almansur and Harun-al-Rashid. The last Abbasside to be caliph at Bagdad was Mustasim, who was put to death by Hulaku Khan, a Mongolian ruler of Persia, in 1258.
ABBAZIA, a famous health resort on the Gulf of Quarnero (Adriatic Sea), about 10 miles W. of Fiume. The permanent population is only about 2,500, mostly Croats. About 40,000 visitors frequent it annually.
ABBÉ (äb-ā′), originally the French name for an abbot, but often used in the general sense of a priest or clergyman.
ABBE, CLEVELAND, an American meteorologist; born in New York City, Dec. 3, 1838, he was director of the Cincinnati Observatory from 1868 to 1873. Since 1871 he has prepared the official weather forecasts and storm warnings issued from Washington and in 1891 was appointed meteorologist of the U. S. Weather Bureau. He was instrumental in greatly advancing the science of meteorology and was honored by numerous institutions of learning and science. He published several important books on meteorology and allied subjects. He died in 1916.
ABBEVILLE, town and county-seat of Abbeville co., S. C, on the Southern and the Seaboard Air Line railroads; 106 miles W. by N. W. of Columbia, the State capital. It is in a rich, cotton-growing region; is noted for its fine climate, which makes it a popular resort for Northern invalids, and has a National bank, excellent public schools, and several large manufactories connected with the cotton industry. Pop. (1910) 4.459: (1920) 4,570.
ABBEVILLE, a city of France, capital of the arrondissement of the same name (department of the Somme), situated on both sides of the river Somme, 12 miles above its mouth. It is one of the most thriving manufacturing towns in France. Besides black cloths of the best quality, there are produced velvets, cottons, linens, serges, sackings, hosiery, packthread, jewelry, soaps, glasswares, etc. Its most interesting building is the church of St. Wolfram, begun in 1488, one of the richest existing examples of the flamboyant style. Pop. about 20,000.
ABBEY. See Monastery.
ABBEY, EDWIN AUSTIN, an American artist; born in Philadelphia, April 1, 1852. Besides illustrating many books
EDWIN A. ABBEY
and painting a number of notable pictures, he designed a series of 15 paintings for the walls of the Boston Public Library, on the subject of the "Holy Grail." During the last 10 years of his life he executed a series of brilliant mural paintings in the Pennsylvania State Capitol at Harrisburg. The greater part of his artistic life was spent in London, where he died in August, 1911. His works are especially noted for their brilliant coloring, romantic treatment, and historic accuracy.
