Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/346

ARTILLERY 282 ARTILLERY War. Napoleon used it with telling ef- rivalry between France and Germany feet in his campaigns, and laid especial resulted in many other important im- stress upon the concentration of artillery provements. Austria - Hungary, Italy, fire. The most important modern im- Russia, Japan, Switzerland, and the ^^£Wii^£y ITALIAN 16" MORTAR provements in artillery, besides the in- United States each strove to perfect its crease in size, is the general adoption of own artillery and to meet its special rifled ordnance, breech-loaders, and ma- requirements. In the World War the chine-guns. Throughout the 19th cen- use of artillery was on a scale un- tury the Great Powers increasingly paralleled up to that time. The Germans 155-MILLIMETER HOWITZER worked on the improvement of their re- and Austrians with their great gun spective artilleries. Great Britain, as a works at Essen and Skoda had a great result of its many colonial wars, cotv preponderance over the Allies in heavy tinuously improved both its military and guns. The forts at Namur, Liege, Ant- naval artillery. The Franco-Prussian werp, and Maubeuge crumbled up like war of 1870-1871 and the resulting paper before the attack of the monster