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ASHBT7BT0N TREATY 293 ASHLEY cipal chiefs, was sent to Sierra Leone, and established a protectorate over the country. In 1900 a sudden uprising of native tribes was put down only after considerable fighting. Great Britain definitely annexed Ashanti, Sept. 26, 1901, and it now forms nart of the Gold Coast Colony. Pop. about 300,000. ASHBTJRTOlir TREATY, a treaty con- cluded at Washington in 1842, by Alex- ander Baring, Lord Ashburton, and the President of the United States; it de- fined the boundaries between the State of Maine and Canada. ASHBY-DE-LA-ZOUCH (-zosh), a town of Leicestershire, England, near the source of the Mease, a tributary of the Trent, 18 miles N. W. of Leicester. It owes its suffix to the Norman family of La Zouch. Their ruined castle, cele- brated in Scott's "Ivanhoe," crowns a height to the S. of the town. Mary Queen of Scots was imprisoned here. Leather is the staple industry. Pop. about 5,000. ASHEB.A (ash-e'ra), an ancient Semitic goddess, whose symbol was the phallus. In the Revised Version of the Old Testament this word is used to translate what in the ordinary version is translated "grove," as connected with the idolatrous practice into which the Jews were prone to fall. ASHEVILLE, city and county-seat of Buncombe co., N. C., on the Southern railroad, near the French Broad river; 275 miles W. of Raleigh. It is in a tobacco-growing region; has manufac- tories of cotton goods, shoes, ice, tobac- co, and flour; and is widely noted as a winter and summer resort, especially for invalids from the Northern States. The city is more than 2,000 feet above the level of the sea; is surrounded by impressive mountain scenery; and has the Bingham Military Academy, Normal College and Collegiate Institute for Young Women, Home Industrial School for Girls, Asheville Farm School for Boys, Industrial School for Colored Youth, banks, electric lights, and many hotels and boarding-houses. Adjoin- ing it is the estate of Biltmore, estab- lished by George Vanderbilt, of New York City; one of the finest botanical gardens in the world; Pisgah forest, a hunting preserve of 84,000 acres; Bat- tery and Riverside Parks; and Mount Beaumont, 2,800 feet high. Pop. (1910) 18,762; (1920) 28,504. ASHLAND, a city of Kentucky, in Boyd CO., about 146 miles S. E. of Cincinnati. It is on the Chesapeake and Ohio, and the Norfolk and Western railroads, and on the Ohio and Big Sandy rivers. An important industrial city, it has manufactures of pig iron, wire nails, steel products, leather, ce- ment, furniture, etc. The city is nota- ble for a handsome park in its center. Pop. (1910) 8,688; (1920) 14,729. ASHLAND, town and county-seat of Ashland co., 0.; on the Erie and other railroads; about 50 miles S. W. of Cleve- land. It has important manufactures, large trade, a National bank, and several newspapers. Pop. (1910) 6,795; (1920) 9,249. ASHLAND, a borough in Schuylkill CO., Pa.; in the valley of the Mahanoy, and on several railroads; 12 miles N. W. of Pottsville. It is in the center of the great anthracite coal fields; has exten- sive mining industries, large machine shops, foundries, and factories; and con- tains the State Miners' Hospital, a Na- tional bank, public hall, and several churches. Pop. (1910) 6,855; (1920) 6,666. ASHLAND, city and county-seat of Ashland co.. Wis. ; on Chequamegon Bay, Lake Superior and several railroads; 80 miles E. of Duluth, Minn. It has one of the finest harbors on the lake, and be- sides its general lake traffic, it is a ship- ping port for the hematite ore of the great Gogebic Iron Range. To accom- modate its iron interests, it has a number of enormous ore docks. Other special in- terests are lumber and brown stone. It has very large charcoal blast furnaces, used for the manufacture of pig iron. Near by is the group of Apostles' Is- lands. The institutions include North- land College, the North Wisconsin Acad- emy, hospitals, etc. Pop. (1910) 11,594; (1920) 11,334. ASHLEY, a borough of Pennsylvania in Luzerne co., on the Central of New Jersey and the Wilkes-Barre and Hazle- ton railroads. It practically forms a part of Wilkes-Barre, being only one mile distant from that city. It has coal mines and railroad shops. Pop. (1910) 5,601; (1920) 6,520. ASHLEY, WILLIAM JAMES, an Anglo-American educator, bom in Lon- don, England, in 1860; was educated at Oxford; became lecturer in history in Corpus Christi College. In 1888 he was appointed Professor of Political Econ- omy and Constitutional History in the University of Toronto, and, in 1892, was called to the newly created chair of Eco- nomic History in Harvard University. In 1901 he returned to England, becom- ing professor of commerce and finance.