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ATHOL 328 ATLANTA meath, 80 miles W. of Dublin by rail. The Shannon is crossed by a fine bow- string and lattice iron bridge of two arches, 175 and 40 feet span. Athlone Castle, founded in the reign of King John, was one of the chief military positions in Ireland. In the war of 1688 it was unsuccessfully besieged by William III. in person, but was afterward taken by Gen. Ginkell. The fortifications cover 15 acres, and contain barracks for 1,500 men. Pop. 10,000. ATHOL, a town in Worcester co., Mass., on Miller's river, and the Boston and Albany, and the Boston and Maine railroads; 44 miles N. W. of Worcester. It has electric railways connecting with the suburbs, and is principally engaged in the manufacture of cotton warps, shoes, sewing silk, fine mechanical tools, matches, organ cases, pocket-books, bil- liard tables, and furniture. The town has several National banks, public li- brary, high school, and several weekly and monthly periodicals. Pop. (1910) 8,- 536; (1920) 9,792. ATHOB, HATHOR, or HETHER, an Egyptian goddess, identified with Aphro- dite or Venus. Her symbol was the cow bearing on its head the solar disk and hawk feather plumes. Her chief temple was at Denderah. From her the third month of the Egyptian year derived its name. ATHOS, MOUNT, or HAGION-OROS, or MONTE SANTO, a famous mountain of Turkey in Europe, on a peninsula pro- jecting into the -lEgean Sea, between the Gulfs of Contesa and Monte Santo. It rises abruptly from the water to a height of 6,349 feet above sea level, and in its lower parts is covered with forests of pine, oak, chestnut, etc., above which towers a bare conical peak. Herodotus states that the fleet of Mardonius, the Persian general, in attempting to double this mountain, was reported to have lost more than 300 ships and 20,000 men. When Xerxes invaded Greece he de- termined to guard against the recurrence of a similar disaster by cutting a canal across the peninsula ; of which great work the traces still remain. In modern times, Athos has been occupied for an extended period by a number of monks of the Greek Church, who live in a sort of forti- fied monasteries, in number about 20, of different degrees of magnitude and im- portance. These, with the farms or metochis attached to them, occupy the whole peninsula ; hence it has derived its modern name of Monte Santo. These monasteries are situated in positions of strikingly romantic beauty. Some of them belong to Russians, others to Bul- garians and Serbians. ATITLAN (at-it'lan), a lake and mountain of Central America, in Guate- mala. The lake is about 24 miles long and 10 broad; the mountain is an active volcano, 12,160 feet high. ATKINS, ALBERT HENRY, an American sculptor, born in Milwaukee. He studied art in Boston and in Paris. In 1909 he became a member of the faculty of the Rhode Island School of Design, Department of Sculpture. Among his best known works are the Copenhagen Memorial Fountain at Boston, and the Lapham Memorial at Milwaukee. He also made architectural sculptures for several churches and many protraits and ideal sculptures. He was a member of the American Federation of Arts and other art societies. ATKINSON, EDWARD, an American political economist, born in Brookline, Mass., Feb. 10, 1827; graduate of Dart- mouth College. He has become widely known by his papers and pamphlets on trade competition, banking, railroading, fire prevention, the money question, tariff, etc. Soon after the battle in Manila Bay, he was elected vice-president of the Anti- Imperialist League. Among his publi- cations are "The Distribution of Prod- ucts" (1885) ; "Industrial Progress of the Nation" (1889) ; "The Science of Nu- trition" (1892) ; "Taxation and Work" (1892); "Every Boy His Own Book" (1893); etc. He died in Boston, Mass., Dec. 11, 1905. ATKINSON, ELEANOR, an American author, born at Rensselaer, Ind. She was educated at the Indianapolis Normal Training School, for several years taught at Indianapolis and Chicago, and was a special writer on the Chicago press. Her writings include "The Boy- hood of Lincoln" (1908); Lincoln's Love Story" (1909); "The Story of Chicago" (1910); "Johnny Appleseed" (1915); "Hearts Undaunted" (1917); etc. ATLANTA, a city of Georgia, the county-seat of Fulton co., and the capi- tal of Georgia. It is on the Atlantic, Birmingham and Atlantic, the Georgia, the Louisville and Nashville, the Nash- ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, the Seaboard Air Line, the Southern, and other railroads. Atlanta is the most im- portant industrial and commercial center of the Southeast and is also the financial center and the central distributing point for the Southeast. It lies in the heart of one of the richest regions of the world, as yet largely undeveloped. It had in