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BABI 372 BABYLON terly defeated the opposing Hindu princes, and then proclaimed himself Padishah, or Emperor of Hindustan. After a rule of four years, he died near Agra, Dec. 26, 1530. BABI (ba-be'), the name of a modern Persian sect, derived from the title, Bab- ed-Din (gate of the faith), assumed by its founder, Mirza Ali Mohammed, a na- tive of Shiraz, who, in 1843, after a pil- grimage to Mecca, undertook to form a new religion from a mixture of Moham- medan, Christian, Jewish, and Parsee elements. The sect soon became numer- ous, and were not molested by the reign- ing Shah; but on the accession of Nasir- ed-Din in 1848, apprehending persecu- tion, they took up arms, proclaiming the advent of the Bab as universal sovereign. Several Persian armies were routed, but finally the insurgents were reduced by famine, and most of them executed (1849-1850). The Bab had held aloof from the revolt, but he was arrested and put to death in 1850. His successor was recognized in the youthful son of the Governor of Teheran, who retired to Bagdad. An attempt of three believers to assassinate t>e Shah, in 1852, led to terrible persecution of the sect. Babism has nevertheless gained in strength, and is at present widely diffused in Persia. Their doctrines form a system of Pan- theism. Babism enjoins few prayers, and those only on fixed occasions; en- courages hospitality and charity; pro- hibits polygamy, concubinage, and di- vorce; discourages asceticism and mendi- cancy; and directs women to discard the veil, and share as equals in the inter- course of social life. BABIROtrSSA (bab-i-ros'a), a species of hog, sometimes called the horned hog and the hog deer, from the fact that its upper tusks, which are of great length and curved in form, piercing through the upper lip, grow upward and backward, like the horns of a ruminant. BABISM. See BAbi. BABOO, or BABU, a Hindu title of respect equivalent to sir or master, usu- ally given to wealthy and educated native gentlemen, especially of the mer- cantile class. In its modern use it is applied chiefly to native clerks able to write English, BABOON, a common name applied to a divi-sion of Old World quadrumana (apes and monkeys), comprehending the genera cynocephalvs and pajno. They have elongated abrupt muzzles like a dog, strong tusks, or canine teeth, usu- ally short tails, cheek-pouchesj small. deep eyes, with large eyebrows, and naked callosities on the buttocks. They live on fruits and roots, eggs and in- BABOON sects. They include the chacma, drill, common baboon, and mandrill. The chacma, or pig-tailed baboon (cynoceph- alus porcarius) is found in consider- able numbers in parts of the south Afri- can colonies. The common baboon (C hahouin) inhabits a large part of Africa fai-ther to the N. It is of a brownish- yellow color, while the chacma is gray- ish black, or in parts black. The hama- dryas (C hamadryas) of Abyssinia is characterized by long hair, forming a sort of shoulder cape. The black baboon (C. niger) is found in Celebes. BABSON, ROGER WARD, an Ameri- can statistician, born in Gloucester^ Mass., in 1875. After graduating from the Massachusetts Institute of Technol- ogy in 1898, he established a statistical organization at Wellesley Hills, Mass., with branch offices in many cities of the United States and in London, for fur- nishing statistical information. He was a well-known lecturer on statistics and economics, and acted in the special ca- pacity of statistical adviser to the Gov- ernment during the World War. Ha wrote much on money and investment, and was the publisher of "Moody's Manual of Railroad and Corporation Securities." BABUYANES (ba-bo'ya-nes) , or MADJICOSIMA ISLANDS a number of islands lying about 30 miles N. of Luzon, and generally considered the most northern of the Philippines. They are subject to the Loo-Choo Islands; aggre- gate pop. about 13,000. BABYLON, the capital of Babylonia, on both sides of the Euphrates, one of the largest and most splendid cities^ of the ancient world, now a scene of ruin^