Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 01.djvu/477

BAKEL 387 BASER vians, the Rhodians, and especially the Venetians, who frequently invaded the S. of Greece; and with Ishmael, King of Persia. At home he had to contend against his rebellious son, Selim, to whom at last he resigned the empire. He died in 1512. BAKEL, a town with a strong fort, in the E. of the French colony of Senegal, on the left bank of the Senegal river. Pop. about 2,000. BAKER, a city of Oregon, the county- seat of Baker co., on the Powder river and on the line of the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company. It is the center of an important mining region and has also an extensive trade in lumber, wool, live stock, and mineral products. The surrounding country pi'oduces agricul- tural products in large quantities. There is an opera house, a Masonic temple, a hospital, and other public buildings. Pop. (1910) 6,742; (1920) 7,729. BAKER, SIR BENJAMIN, an Eng- lish engineer, born near Bath, in 1840. In 1877 he superintended the removal of Cleopatra's Needle from Egypt to London. In conjunction with Sir John Fowler he drew the plans for the great bridge over the Firth of Forth. He also did important work in connection with the Assouan dam, the Blackwall tunnel, the Tower Bridge (London) and the (London) Metropolitan Railway System. He has written numerous scientific trea- tises, including " Long Span Iron Bridges," "Suspension Versus Cantiliver Bridges," "The Strength of Beams," and "Transportation and Re-erection of Cleopatra's Needle." He died in 1917. BAKER, MOSES NELSON, an Ameri- can civil engineer, bom in Enosburg, Vt., Jan. 26j 1864; was graduated at the University of Vermont in 1886; was editor for several years of the "Manual of American Waterworks," and associate editor and later editor of "Engineering News." He wrote "Sewage Purification in America," "Sewerage and Sewage Purification," etc., contributed to the Standard Dictionary, and is the author of various works on engineering, sani- tation, etc. BAKER, NEWTON DIEHL, an American public official, born in Martins- burg, W. Va., in 1871. He graduated from Johns Hopkins University in 1892, studied law at Washington and Lee Uni- versity, and practiced law in Martins- burg, W. Va., in 1897. From 1902 to 1912 he was city solicitor of Cleveland, O., and was mayor from 1912 to 1914. His introduction of several radical meth- 2(i — Vol. 1 — Cyc ods in the administration of the city government attracted wide attention. On March 7, 1916, he was appointed Sec- retary of War to succeed Lindley M. NEWTON DIEHL BAKER Garrison, who had resigned. He was Secretary of War during the adminis- tration of President Wilson, and his ad- ministration of the War Department during the World War was widely criti- cized. He was, however, supported by President Wilson, who resisted all de- mands for his removal. The criticisms made against Mr. Baker were not di- rected toward his integrity or good inten- tions, but rather to a lack of administra- tive ability. During his term of office he made several tours for the inspection of the American Expeditionary Forces in France. He wrote "Frontiers of Freedom — A Collection of Addresses" (1917). BAKER, RAY STANNARD, an American author, born in Lansing, Mich., in 1870. After graduating from the Michigan Agricultural College in 1889, and carrying on special studies in law and. literature at the University of Michigan, he engaged in newspaper work and was for several years assistant editor of "McClure's Magazine," from 1906 to 1915, and was one of the editors of the "American Magazine." He Tote a series of articles on the corruption of the government in American cities and did much to bring about improved condi- tions in municipal government. His pub- lished writings include "Following the