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BANCA 402 BANDHOLTZ 1469 the Yorkists were defeated in the vicinity. The town is still famous for its cakes and ale, as it was in Ben Jonson's day; and it manufactures web- bing and agricultural implements. Pop. about 14,000. BANCA, an island belonging to the Dutch East Indies, between Sumatra and Borneo; area about 4,450 square miles. A large part of the population is Chinese. It is celebrated for its excellent tin, but it produces nothing else of any impor- tance. Pop. (1917) 154,178. BANCROFT, GEORGE, an American historian, born near Worcester, Mass., Oct. 3, 1800. He was educated at Har- vard and in Germany. In 1824 he pub- lished a translation of Heeren's "Politics of Ancient Greece," and a small volume of poems. Between 1834 and 1840 three volumes of his History of the United States were published. In 1845 he was appointed Secretary of the Navy. He was American Minister to England from 1846 to 1849, when the University of Ox- ford conferred on him the honorary de- gree of D. C. L. The fourth and fifth volumes of his history appeared in 1852. The sixth appeared in 1854, the seventh in 1858, the eighth soon after, but the ninth did not appear till 1866. From 1867 to 1874 he was Minister Plenipotentiary at the Court of Berlin. The 10th and last volume of his great work appeared in 1874. An additional section appeared, first as a separate work, in 1882: "His- tory of the Formation of the Constitu- tion of the United States," and the whole came out in six volumes in 1884-1885. He settled in Washington on returning from Germany, in 1875, and died there Jan. 17, 1891. BANCROFT, HUBERT HOWE, an American historian, born in Granville, O., May 5, 1832. In 1852 he went to California to establish a book business, and began to collect documents, maps, books and MSS. for a complete "History of the Pacific States" from Mexico to Alaska. He published "Native Races of the Pacific States" (1875-1876) ; "His- tory of the Pacific States" (1882-1891); a series of "Chronicles of the Builders of the Commonwealth"; "The New Pacific" (1907) ; "Retrospection" (1912) ; etc. He died in 1918. BANCROFT, SIR SQUIRE, an Eng- lish actor and manager, born in London in 1841. His first appearance on the stage was made in Birmingham in 1861. This was followed by seasons in Dublin and Liverpool, after which he appeared in London at the Prince of Wales Thea- ter in 1865. In 1871 he married Miss Wilton and with her took up the manage- ment of the Prince of Wales Theater. From 1880 to 1885 he also managed the Haymarket Theater. He and his wife then retired from active management. He appeared at the Lyceum with Henry Irving in 1889 and subsequently took part in several presentations at the Garrick and other theaters. He was knighted in 1897. BANDA ISLANDS', a group belonging to Holland, Indian Archipelago, S. of Ceram, Great Banda, the largest, being 12 miles long by 2 broad. They are beau- tiful islands, of volcanic origin, yielding quantities of nutmeg. Goenong Api, or Fire Mountain, is a cone-shaped volcano which rises 2,320 feet above the sea. Pop. about 9,500. BANDA ORIENTAL, a state of South America, originally settled by Spaniards from Buenos Aires, claimed by Brazil, but, after a war, made in 1825 into the independent state of Banda Oriental del Uruguay — i. e., Eastern Bank of the Uruguay, now usually called simply Uruguay {q. v.). BANDED PEAK, or MT. HESPERUS, a peak of the San Juan Mountains, in southern Colorado; altitude, 12,860 feet. BANDELIER, ADOLPH FRANCIS ALPHONSE, a Swiss-American archaa- ologist, born in Berne, Aug. 6, 1840; settled early in the United States, where he carried out important work under the direction of the Archaeological Institute of America. His studies have been chiefly among the Indians of New Mex- ico and Arizona, Central America and Mexico. He was the author of "Art of War and Mode of Warfare" (1877); "Social Organization and Government of Ancient Mexicans" (1878) ; "Tenure of Lands and Inheritances of Ancient Mexicans" (1878) ; "An Archaeological Tour Into Mexico" (1885) ; a novel of Pueblo Indian life, "The Delight Mak- ers"; "The Gilded Man"; etc. He died at Madrid in 1914. BANDHOLTZ, HARRY HILL, ar. American soldier, born in Constantino, Mich., in 1864. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1890, was commissioned 2d lieutenant in the same year and rose through the various grades, becoming brigadier-general in 1918. For a time he acted as professor of military science and tactics at the Michigan Agricultural College. During the Spanish-American War he served with the 7th Infantry and also saw serv- ice in the Philippines, where, in 1902- 1903, he was governor of Tayabas prov-