South Australian Institute, with museum, library and art galleries; hospitals; an extensive botanical garden; etc. The chief manufactures are woolen, leather, iron, and earthenware goods; but the chief importance of Adelaide depends on its being the great emporium for South Australia. Wool, wine, wheat, flour and copper ore are the staple articles of export. There are a number of colleges and Adelaide University and a school of mines. It is the seat of an Anglican and of a Roman Catholic bishop. Glenelg, on the sea, 5 miles away, is a favorite watering place. Pop., with suburbs, about 350,000. Port Adelaide, its port, dates from 1840. It is a principal port of call for vessels arriving from Europe.
ADELPHI COLLEGE, an institution of higher learning in Brooklyn, N. Y., formerly known as the Adelphi Academy. Since 1912 both men and women have been admitted for the degree of A. B. There were, in the year 1919-1920, 502 students and 31 teachers. The president is F. D. Blodgett.
ADELSBERG (ä´dels-bārg), a town in the province of Carniola, Austria; 24 miles S. W. of Laibach. The grotto of Adelsberg, over 5 miles long, is famous for its stalactites, stalagmites, and subterranean streams. Pop. about 4,500.
ADEN, a peninsula and town belonging to Great Britain, on the S. W. coast of Arabia, 105 miles E. of the strait of Bab-el-Mandeb, the entrance to the Red Sea. The peninsula is a mass of volcanic rocks, 5 miles long from E. to W., and rising to 1,776 feet. It is joined to the mainland by a narrow, level, and sandy isthmus. The town is on the eastern shore of the peninsula, stands in the crater of an extinct volcano, and is surrounded by barren, cinder-like rocks. The main crater is known as the Devil's Punch-bowl. Frequently the heat is intense; but the very dry, hot climate, though depressing, is unusually healthy for the tropics. The Romans occupied it in the 1st century A. D. Till the discovery of the Cape route to India (1498), it was the chief mart of Asiastic produce for the Western nations; but, in 1838, it had sunk to be a village of 600 inhabitants. The increasing importance of the Red Sea route gave Aden great value as a station for England to hold; and, in 1839, after a few hours' contest, Aden fell into the hands of the British. It is of high importance, both in a mercantile and naval point of view, especially as a great coaling station; it has a garrison and strong fortifications. During the World War an unsuccessful attack against Aden was made by the Turks. The population and resources of the place have rapidly increased since 1838, and the opening of the Suez canal in 1869 gave it a great impetus. The annual value of its imports and exports each exceeds £2,000,000. Aden, which is politically connected with Bombay, has a population of about 50,000. The majority of the natives are Arabs and Somalis, from Africa, all speaking Arabic.
ADEN, GULF OF, the portion of sea lying between the N. coast of Aden, terminating E, with Ras Jerdaffon (Cape
