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BENNETT 487 BENSON the first number of the New York "Her- ald," May 6, 1835, price one cent. He spared no effort and expense in securing news, and laid the foundation of its after success. It was the first newspaper to publish the stock lists and a daily money article. He died in New York, June 1, 1872. BENNETT, JAMES GORDON, an American journalist, born in New York City, May 10, 1841; son of James Gordon Bennett, founder of the New York "Her- ald," of which he became managing edi- tor in 1866, and from that time largely controlling, and becoming proprietor on the death of his father in 1872. In 1870 he sent Henry M. Stanley on the explor- ing expedition which resulted in the find- ing of Dr. Livingstone, and, in conjunc- tion with the London "Daily Telegraph," supplied the means for his journey across Africa by way of the Kongo in 1874- 1878. He organized a system of storm prognostications of value to shipping masters; fitted out the "Jeannette" Polar expedition; and, in 1883, was associated with John W. Mackay in organizing the new Commercial Cable Company. He founded the "Evening Telegram" in New York, and established daily editions of the "Herald" in Paris and London. He early gave much attention to yachting. He resided mainly in Paris until his death, May 14, 1918. By the terms of his will Mr. Bennett left the bulk of his for- tune to found and endow a home for journalists. BENNETT, RICHARD, an American actor and manager, born in Bennett's Mill, Ind., in 1872. He was educated in the public schools and at the Logansport Normal School. After several years spent on the stage as an actor, he pro- duced and appeared in Brieux's play, "Damaged Goods." He also produced several other plays of Brieux and other French playwrights in the United States. He was from 1896 to 1908 associated with Charles Prohman in the production of plays. He was chairman of the executive board of the National Society of Sociol- ogy. BEN NEVIS, the most lofty mountain in Great Britain, in Invernessshire, im- mediately E. of Fort William and the opening of the Caledonian canal, at the S. W. extermity of Glenmore. It rises to the height of 4,406 feet, and in clear weather yields a most extensive prospect. An observatory was established on its summit in May, 1881, by the Scottish Meteorological Society. BENNINGTON, town and county- seat of Bennington co.^ Vt.; on the New York Central railroad; 36 miles E. of Troy, N. Y. It contains the villages of Bennington, North Bennington and Ben- nington Center; and has large woolen and knit goods factories; a Soldiers' Home, a Memorial Battle monument, ded- icated on the centennial of the admission of the State into the Union, March 4, 1891, two National banks, and graded public schools. There are valuable de- posits of brown hematite ore in the town. Bennington is historically famous on account of the battle fought Aug. 16, 1777, when General Stark with his "Green Mountain Boys" defeated a large British detachment sent from General Burgoyne's army to capture the public stores near North Bennington. Pop. (1910) 6,211; (1920) 9,982. BEN NUT, the seed of moringa ptery- gosperma, the ben tree of India, yielding the valuable oil of ben. BENSON, ARTHUR CHRISTOPHER, an English essayist and educator, born in 1862, the brother of E. F. and R. H. Benson, and the son of Edward White Benson^ former Archbishop of Canter- bury. He was educated at King's Col- lege, Cambridge, and from 1885 to 1903 was a master at Eton College and became well known as a writer of essays. The best known of these are "The Upton Let- ters" (1905) ; "From a College Window" (1906); and "The Silent Isle" (1919). He also wrote poetry of considerable merit and several novels. In addition to these he prepared a biography of his father. Archbishop Benson, in 1889, and a biography of Ruskin in 1911. BENSON. EDWARD FREDERIC, an English author, born in Wellington Col- lege, July 24, 1867; educated at King's College, Cambridge; worked at Athens for the British Archaeological School in 1892-1895, and in Egypt, for the Hellenic Society, in 1895; traveled in Algiers, Egypt, Greece, and Italy. His writings include "Dodo"' (1893); "Rubicon" (1894); "Judgment Books" (1895); "Limitations" (1896); "The Babe" (1897); "Vintage" (1898); "The Cap- sina" (1899) ; "Angel of Pain" (1906) ; "Dodo the Second" (1914); "The Tortoise" (1917); etc. BENSON. EDWARD WHITE, Arch- bishop of Canterbury, born near Birming- ham in 1829; graduated at Cambridge in 1852, and was for some time a master at Rugby. He held the headmastership of Wellington College from its opening in 1858 to 1872, when he was made a Canon and Chancellor of Lincoln Cathe- dral. In 1875 he was appointed Chap-