Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/183

BBEADALBANE 161 BBEAM "Pumpernickel" is a German cant name for schwarzbrod ^hlack bread, made of rye flour and flavored with anise or fennel seeds. It is the common bread of the mass of the German speaking peoples. BBEADALBANE, a Highland district in the W. part of Perthshire, in the center of the Grampians. It gives its title to the Marquis of Breadalbane, head of a branch of the Campbell family, who is the chief proprietor here. BBEAD FBUIT, the fruit of the tree described below. It is about the size and shape of a child's head. The surface is reticulated; the skin is thick, the eatable part lying between it and the BREAD FRUIT core. The latter is snow white, and about the same consistence as new bread. It is first divided into three or four parts, and then roasted, or it may be taken boiled, or fried in palm oil. It is ex- tensively used in the South Sea Islands and elsewhere. BBEAD FBUIT TEEE, the English name of artocarpus incisa, a tree of the order artocarpacex. It has pinnatifid leaves with sinuations, while the allied jackfruit, artocarpus integrifolia, as its name imports, has them, as a Kule, entire. For the fruit of the bread tree see above. The wood is useful; the inner bark may be made into cloth; the male catkins serve for tinder, and the juice for bird- lime, or as a cement for broken crockery. The tree grows in the South Sea Islands and in the East Indies. From the for- mer place it was introduced into the West Indies, in 1793, and thence to South America. BBEAD NUT, the English name of brosirmiTn, a genus of plants doubtfully placed at the end of the urticacex (nettleworts) . The fruit of the B. alicastrum, or Jamaica bread nut, tastes like chestnut, and has been used to sustain negroes and others during times of scarcity. BBEAD BASF, a rasp used by bakers in removing the burnt crust of loaves and rolls, especially of French rolls. BBEAD BOOM, a room or portion of the hold of a ship separated from the rest, and designed to furnish a place for the bread and biscuit on board. BBEAD BOOT, the English name of the psoralea esculenta, a papilionaceous plant with quinate leaves and dense axillary spikes of flowers. It is found in the Rocky Mountain regions. Its roots are sweet and nutritious, and are eaten like potatoes. BBEADTH, a term used by painters and critics to indicate that artistic quality which gives concentration, repose and harmony of effect to a picture. In a work distinguished by breadth, the in- dividual component parts do not force themselves unduly upon the spectator, the eye is not tempted to wander aim- lessly from point to point of the canvas. The portraits and figure pieces of Rem- brandt are typical and unsurpassable ex- amples. BBEAKWATEB, a pier, wall, mole, sunken hulk, or anything similar, placed at the entrance of a harbor, at the ex- posed part of an anchorage, or in any such situation, with the view of deaden- ing the force of the waves which roll in from the ocean. There are several notable breakwaters in this country — one of the longest and most notable being that in Lake Michigan, protecting the harbor of the city of Chicago. The Dela- ware breakwater in Delaware Bay, is built with sloping sides, being much broader at its base than on top. Other notable breakwaters are those at Cher- bourg, France, and Plymouth, England. BBEAM, the carp bream, abramis brama. It is of a yellowish white color, which changes, through age, to a yellow- ish brown. The sides are golden, the cheeks and gill covers silver white, the