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BRISTED 184 BRISTOL BRISTED, CHARLES ASTOR "CaRL Benson"), an American author, born in New York City, Oct. 6, 1820. He gradu- ated from Yale University in 1839, and from Trinity College, Cambridge, Eng- land, in 1845. He traveled extensively in Europe, and was a frequent contrib- utor to the magazines. Among his works are "Five Years in an English University" (1851) ; "The Upper Ten Thousand" (1852); "Interference The- ory of Government" (1868). He died in Washington, D. C, Jan. 15, 1874. BRISTLES, the strong hairs growing on the back of the hog and wild boar, and extensively used in the manufac- ture of brushes, and also by shoemakers and saddlers. Russia, Germany, and in a lesser degree France, Belgium, and the Scandinavian states are large ex- porters of bristles. The supplies from the United States and East India have risen into importance within the last few years. The quality of bristles de- pends on the length, stiffness, color, and straightness — white being the most val- uable. The best bristles are produced by hogs that inhabit cold countries. BRISTOL, a town in Hartford co.. Conn.; on the New England railroad, 17 miles W. of Hartford. It has a public library, electric light and street rail- road plants; National and savings banks; manufactories of clocks, brass goods, table ware, tools, woolen and knit goods, and bicycle and other bells, Pop. (1910) 13,502; (1920) 20,620. BRISTOL, a borough in Bucks co., Pa.; on the Delaware river, the Penn- sylvania railroad and the Pennsylvania canal; 21 miles N. E. of Philadelphia. It has a National bank, high school, elec- tric light and street railroad plants, and a noted mineral spring, and manufac- tories of carpets, hosiery, and foundry products. It is in a rich fruit and truck farming region, and is the center of considerable trade. Pop. (1910) 9,256; (1920) 10,273. BRISTOL, town, port of entry, and county-seat of Bristol co., R. I.; on Nar- ragansett Bay and the New York, New Haven and Hartford railroad, 15 miles S. E. of Providence. It has an excel- lent harbor, facilitating a large daily passenger and freight service for Fall River and Providence. It is the seat of the widely known Herreshoff shipbuild- ing works, where a number of note- worthy sailing and steam yachts and torpedo boats have been constructed; and also of the Saunders & West yacht building yards. The town has large market gardening and coast trade in- terests and manufactories of rubber, woolen, and cotton goods. Bristol is the site of the residence of King Philip, the great Narragansett chief. Pop. (1910) 8,565; (1920) 11,375. BRISTOL, a city in Sullivan CO., Tenn., and Washington co., Va.; on sev- eral railroads; 130 miles E. by N. E. of Knoxville. The boundary line between Tennessee and Virginia runs E. and W. along the main street of the city. Bristol is the seat of King's College (Presbyterian), Sullins College, and the Southwest Virginia Institute for youn^ ladies; and is principally engaged in the manufacture of tobacco, cotton and woolen goods, iron, lumber, and leather. Pop. (1910) 7,148; (1920) 8,047. BRISTOL, a cathedral city of Eng- land, a municipal and a parliamentary borough, situated partly in Gloucester- shire, partly in Somersetshire, but form- ing a county in itself. It stands at the confluence of the rivers Avon and Frome, which unite within the city, whence the combined stream (the Avon) pursues a course of nearly 7 miles to the Bristol Channel. The town is built partly on low grounds, partly on emi- nences, and has some fine suburban dis- tricts, such as Clifton, on the opposite side of the Avon, and connected with Bristol by a suspension bridge 703 feet long and 245 feet above high water mark. Notable among buildings are the cathedral, founded in 1142, exhibiting various styles of architecture, and re- cently restored and enlarged; St. Mary Redcliff, said to have been founded in 1293, and perhaps the finest parish church in the kingdom. Among mod- ern buildings are the exchange, the guild hall, the council house, the post- ofRce, etc. The charities are exceed- ingly numerous, the most important be- ing Ashley Down Orphanage, for the orphans of Protestant parents, founded by the late George Miiller. Bristol has a number of endowed schools, the prin- cipal of which are the grammar school. Queen Elizabeth's Hospital, the Red Maids' School (which educates and pro- vides for 80 girls, and gives them mar- riage portions), Colston's Hospital, the Trade School, and the Cathedral School. Among the educational institutions are the University College, the Theological Colleges of the Baptists and Independ- ents, Clifton College, and the Philo- sophical Institute. There is a school of art, and also a public library. Bristol has glass works, potteries, soap works, tanneries, sugar refineries, and chemical works, ship building and machiaery