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BROWN 200 BROWN first bronze statue cast in the United human life generally. 'Rab and His States Some of his other well known Friends," "Our Dogs," "Pet Marjory," works are a statue of Lincoln in Pros- "Jeems the Doorkeeper" on which hi3 pect Park, Brooklyn, and equestrian fame chiefly rests, have been published statues of Gen. Scott and Nathanael separately. He died in Edinburgh, in Greene for the National Government, 1882. etc. He died in Newburgh, N. Y., July 10, 1886. BROWN, JACOB, an American army officer, born in Bucks co.. Pa., May 9, 1775. He was a commander on the Ca- nadian frontier in the War of 1812. In the engagements at Fort Erie he so dis- tinguished himself as to receive the thanks of Congress, Nov. 13, 1814. The city of New York also voted him its free- dom. At the close of the war he was in command of the Northern Division of the army, and, in March, 1821, became general-in-chief of the United States army. He died in Washington, D. C, Feb. 24, 1828. BROWN, JOHN, author of the Brunonian system in medicine, born in Berwickshire, Scotland, in 1735. After studying medicine at the Edinburgh University he took the degree of Doctor in Medicine at St. Andrew's, and, after practicing and teaching in Edinburgh, he published his "Elements of Medicine" (in Latin). He maintained that the majority of diseases were proofs of weakness and not of excessive strength, and that bleeding was erroneous. His opinions materially influenced the prac- tice of his professional successors. He removed to London in 1786, and died there, Oct. 17, 1788. BROWN, JOHN, an American op- ponent of slavery, bom in Torrington, Conn., May 9, 1800. He early conceived a hatred for slavery, and, having re- moved to Osawatomie, Kan., in 1855, he took an active part against the pro- slavery party. In the summer of 1859 he rented a farmhouse about 6 miles from Harper's Ferry, and organized a plot to liberate the slaves of Virginia. On Oct. 16, he, with the aid of about 20 friends, surprised and captured the ar- senal at Harper's Ferry, but was wounded and taken prisoner by the Vir- ginia militia next day; and was tried and executed at Charlestown, Dec. 2. 1859. BROWN, JOHN, a Scotch physician and essayist, born in Biggar in 1810. He graduated m 1833 and began practice as a physician. His leisure hours were de- voted to literature. His collected writ- ings were published under the title of 'Horae Subsecivae" and embrace papers bearing on medicine, art, poetry, and JOHN BROWN, ABOLITIONIST BROWN, NICHOLAS, an American merchant, bom in Providence, R. I., April 4, 1769; best known as the chief patron of Brown University. In honor of his gifts, which exceeded $100,000, the name of the institution was changed, in 1804, from Rhode Island College to Brown University. He gave also mag- nificent sums to other public institutions of Providence. He died Oct. 27, 1841. BROWN (or BROWNE), ROBERT, founder of an English religious sect first called Brownists, and afterward Inde- pendents, was born about 1540, and studied at Cambridge, where, in 1580, he began openly to attack the govern- ment and liturgy of the Church of Eng- land as anti-Christian. He was excom- municated, but was reinstated, and held a church living for over 40 years, dying in 1633. The sect of Brownists soon spread, and a bill was brought into Parliament which inflicted on them very severe pains and penalties. In process of time, the Brownists merged into Con- grregationalists.