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BUMBLE BEE 236 BTJNKEIl HILL (1843); "Harold" (1843); "The Cax- tons" (1850); "My Novel" (1853): "What Will He Do with It?" (1859); "A Strange Story" (1862) ; "The Com- ing Race" (1871) ; "Kenelm Chillingly" (1873); and "The Parisians" (1873). Three of his dramas — "The Lady of Lyons" (1838); "Richelieu" (1838); and "Money" (1848)— still hold the stage. He died in Torquay, Jan. 18, 1873. BUMBLE BEE. See Bee. BUMPUS, HEBMON CAREY, Amer- ican scientist and ichthyologist; born at Buckfield, Me., May 5, 1862. He studied at Brown University, from which he graduated in 1884. From 1886 to 1889, he was professor of biology at Olivet College, Michigan, and in 1892 took the chair of comparative anatomy at Brown University. He was made director of the biological laboratory of the Govern- ment Fish Commission at Woods Hole, Mass., in 1898, and became director of the American Museum of Natural His- tory, New York, in 1902. From 1914 to 1919 he was president of Tufts College, Massachusetts. He wrote numerous monographs on scientific subjects. BUNCOMBE, a county in North Caro- lina. The term bunkum, meaning talk- ing for talking's sake, bombastic speech making, is said to have originated with a Congressional member for this county, who declared that he was only talking for Buncombe, when attempts were made to cut his oratory short. BUNDESRAT (bon'des-rat)', the Federal Council of the former German Empire which represented the individual states of the Empire, as the Reichstag represented the German nation. It con- sisted of 61 members, and its functions were mainly those of a confirming body, although it had the privilege of rejecting measures passed by the Reichstag. It went out of existence when Germany be- came a republic in 1918. BUNDY, OMAR, an American army officer; born in Newcastle, Ind., in 1861. He graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1883 and from the Army War College in 1913. He served in the campaign against the Sioirx In- dians in South Dakota, 1890-1891, and saw service in the Spanish-American War and in the Philippines. He rose through the various grades until he was made major-general, Aug. 5, 1917. He was commander of the Second Division, A. E. F., in France, October, 1917, to July, 1918, and of the Sixth and Seventh Army Corps, July to October, 1918. BUNGALOW, originally the name ap- plied to the kind of houses erected by Europeans in India. They are generally of one story, and with the roof thatched, the ceiling being often of white-washed cloth. They are not well adapted for defense against a foe. In recent times the term has assumed a general mean- ing, being used of any small house or cottage of one story. BUNION, a term applied in surgery to enlarged bursae, or sjmovial sacs, sit- uated on any part of the foot; but most common over the metatarso phalangeal joint of the first or the fifth toe (see Foot), and accompanied by more or less distortion of the joint. In the great ma- jority of cases, bunions are directly pro- duced by the pressure of badly fitting boots; and if the boots are constructed of patent leather, or any material which stops the excreting action of the skin, this, too, may be regarded as an indirect cause of their formation. Sometimes, however, the tendency to suffer from bunions is hereditary, and almost ir- remediable. A bunion begins as a pain- ful and tender spot at some point ex- posed to pressure; the part gradually enlarges, and there are indications of an effusion into a natural bursa or a newly formed sac. The progress of the affec- tion may stop here, the enlarged bursa remaining, and serving to protect the subjacent parts from pressure; but far more frequently the bunion undergoes re- peated attacks of inflammation, causing further increase in size; or becomes the seat of corns or of suppuration. The last action may be followed either by ob- literation of the cyst and a cure; or, especially in persons of languid circula- tion, by a troublesome form of ulcer. The one great thing, when there is a tendency to bunions, is the wearing of roomy boots or shoes, of soft and pervi- ous material, and so shaped as not to press upon susceptible points. BUNKER HILL, an eminence 110 feet high, in the Charlestown district of Bos- ton, Mass., connected by a ridge with an- other elevation, 75 feet high, named Breed's Hill. These heights are memor- able as being the scene of a battle, June 17, 1775, known under the name of Bun- ker Hill. The city of Boston was occu- pied by the British under General Gage, who had resolved to begin offensive op- erations against the rebels. This design becoming known in the American camp, it was determined to seize and fortify the heights of Charlestown on the night of June 16. The execution of this peril- ous mission was confided to Colonels Prescott and Pepperell at the head of a brigade of 1,000 men; and at dawn of