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BXJBIN 244 BURLEIGH and Foreign Minister. He was in office when the Austrian peace offensive was fruitlessly made in the last months of the v/ar. He was a man of great ability and conciliatory temperament. BURIATS, a nomadic Tartar people allied to the Kalmucks, inhabiting the S. part of the government of Irkutsk and Transbaikalia. Their number is about 300,000.^ They live in huts called yurts, which in summer are covered with leather, in winter with felt. They sup- port themselves by their flocks, by hunt- ing, and the mechanical arts, particu- larly the forging of iron. The religion of the majority is Lamaism, though some have become converted to the Or- thodox Greek Church. BTJRIN, or GRAVER, the principal instrument used in copper engraving, is made of tempered steel, and is of pris- matic form, the graving end being ground off obliquely to a sharp point. The distinctive style of a master is fre- quently described by such expressions as a soft burin, a graphic burin or a bril- liant burin. BXJRITI (bur-re'te), a South Ameri- can palm {mauritia vinifera) growing to the height of 100 to 150 feet, pre- ferring marshy situations, and bearing an imposing crown of fan-shaped leaves. A sweet vinous liquor is prepared from the juice of the stem, as also from the fruits. BURKE, BILLIE (MRS. FLORENZ ZIEGFELD), an American actress, bom in Washin^on^ D. C, in 1886, She was educated m France and England and made her first appearance on the stage as a singer in 1902. This was followed by appearances in several musical com- edies. Her first dramatic engagement was in 1907, and in the same year she played with John Drew as his leading woman. She became one of the most popular actresses on the stage, and had even greater success in motion-picture plays. BURKE, EDMUND, a British states- man and orator, born in Dublin, Jan, 12, 1729, He graduated from Trinity Col- lege, Dublin, 1748, studied law, and, in 1750, began literary work. Elected to Parliament, he made his first speech in 1766 -and from that date until 1790 was ??® -Sfi ' ^^^^^ guides and inspirers of the Whig party. His speeches and pam- phlets are still considered among the most striking and suggestive manuals of political phi osophy in modern times. 1 hey, with his miscellaneous writings are all included in his "Works and Cor- respondenre" (8 vols., 1852). Among his most important works, aside from his speeches, are "A Philosophical In- quiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful" (1756); "Reflections on the French Revolution" (1790); and "Letters on a Regicide Peace." He died in Beaconsfield, Eng- land, July 9, 1797, BURKE, JOHN, an American public official, born in Keokuk co., la., in 1859. He was educated in the public schools and studied law at the State University of Iowa. After practicing lav/ until 1889, he was elected judge of Rolette co., N. Dak. He served in the House and Senate of that State, and as governor for three terms following 1907. In 191^ he was appointed Treasurer of the United States. BURKE, SIR JOHN BERNARD, an English herald and genealogist; son of John Burke (1787-1848), representative of a Tipperary family, who, in 1826, published the "Peerage and Baronetage of the United Kingdom." The son, born in London, in 1815, and educated at Caen, in Normandy, was trained as a lawyer, and called to the bar in 1839. Besides editing the successive issues of the "Peerage" founded by his father, published other works on related sub- jects. He died in Dublin, Dec. 13, 1892. BURKE, MAURICE FRANCIS, an American Roman Catholic bishop, born in Ireland, in 1845. He was educated in several Catholic universities in the United States and at the American Col- lege in Rome. He was ordained priest in 1875. From 1878 to 1887 he was rec- tor of St, Mary's Church, Joliet, 111., an(. in the latter year was consecrated bi.shon of Cheyenne, Wyo, In 1893 he was transferred to the see of St. Joseph, Mc. BURLEIGH, WILLIAM CECIL. LORD, an English Secretary of State under Edward VI. and Elizabeth, and Prime Minister of England for 40 years, born in Lincolnshire, Sept. 13, 1520. In 1588 Parliament was assembled, and, by his advice, a plan of religious reform was laid before it. In this he had a con- siderable share; and he also took the leading part in the establishment of the Thirty-nine Articles of faith, which form the basis of the reformed religion of the state. To him is also due the regulation of the coinage, which had been altered since Henry VIII.'s time. He was cre- ated Baron Burleigh in 1571, and, in 1588, concluded an advantageous treaty with the Netherlards. He died in Lon- don, Aug. 4, 1598. His son, Robert Ce- cil, minister under Elizabeth and James I., was sent to the court of Henry IV.,