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BUTCHER BIRD 257 BUTLER (0. macqueeni) are the best known species. The great bustard was for- merly common in Wiltshire and in Nor- folk, England. It h^s the plumage on the back of a bright yellow traversed by a number of black bars, the rest of the ^rts-i'^^'i* LITTLE BUSTARD plumage being grayish. It runs and flies well. It is still common in parts of the European Continent. The little bustard (O. tett-ix) is a Mediterranean bird. It is brown dotted with black above, and beneath is whitish. The male has a black neck with two white collars. BUTCHER BIRD, one of the English names of the genus lanius. The species are so denominated because they impale on a thorn the small birds, small quadru- peds, insects, and worms on which they feed. They are also called shrikes. BUTE, an island of Scotland in the estuary of the Clyde, with an area of 60 square miles, belonging principally to the Marquis of Bute. It is about 15 miles long, and the average breadth is ZVz miles. In Kames Hill it rises to the height of 875 feet; it has several pretty lakes, the principal of which is Loch Fad, 2^ miles long. Agriculture is in an advanced state, and there are about 20,000 acres under cultivation. The her- ring fishery is also a source of consider- able profit. The only town is Rothesay, whose ancient castle is one of the inter- esting antiquities of the island. The climate of Bute is milder than that of almost any part of Scotland. The county of Bute comprises the islands of Bute, Arran, Great Cumbrae, Little Cumbrae, Inchmarnock, and Fladda, with a total area of 139,658 acres, but only a small part is under cultivation. Arran is about double the size of Bute, but the othor islands belonging to the county are umall. Pop. about 18,000. BUTLER, a borough of Pennsylvania, the county-seat of Butler co. It is on Conequenessing creek, and on the Penn- sylvania, the Pittsburgh and Western, the Buffalo, Rochester, and Pittsburgh, and the Bessemer and Lake Erie rail- roads. It is the center of an important mining and natural gas region. The chief industries are the manufacturing of cars, glass, fiour, silk, brass and iron beds, etc. There is a court house, a hos- pital, par):s, and a public library. Pop- (1910) 2(;,728; (1920) 23,778. BUTLER, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, an American lawyer and soldier, born in Deerfield, N. H., Nov. 5, 1818; studied law, and was admitted to the bar in 1841, and became distinguished as a criminal lawyer and politician. He was a member of the State Legislature in 1853, of the State Senate in 1859-1860, and a delegate to the Democratic Na- tional Convention of 1860, which met at Charleston and adjourned to Baltimore. He supported the nomination of John C. Breckenridge, which rendered him so un. popular in the North that he was de- feated for Governor of Massachusetts in that year. Butler had risen to the rank of Brigadier-General of militia; and, at the outbreak of the Civil War, he marched with the 8th Massachusetts Regiment, and, after a check at Big Bethel, was appointed to the command of Baltimore and of eastern Virginia, with his headquarters at Fort Monroe. In February, ".862, he commanded the military forces sent from Boston to Ship Island, near the mouth of the Missis- sippi; and, after New Orleans had sur- rendered to the naval forces under Far- ragut, he held military possession of the city. Relieved of his command, he acted under Gen. Grant in his operations against Petersburg and Richmond in 1865. Returning to Massachusetts at the end of the war, he took an active part in politics as an extreme radical, advocated the impeachment of President Johnson, and in 1866-1875 was a member of Congress. In 1877 and 1879 he was defeated as candidate for Governor of Massachusetts, but in 1882 was elected by a large majority. In 1884 he ran for the Presidency as the candidate of the Greenback and Anti-Monopolist parties, but was defeated, carrying no State. He published "The Autobiography and Per- sonal Reminiscences of Maj.-Gen. Benja-