Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 02.djvu/397

CABACABA 343 CARAVAN" Caracalla in Rome, the baths — Thermae Caracallae — near Porta Capena, were most celebrated, and their ruins are still magnificent. CABACABA, the name given to the birds of the sub-family Polyborinse, which is an aberrant one belonging to the Falconidss. They are found in South America, and feed on carrion. CABACAS (ka-rak'as), the capital of the Republic of Venezuela and of the Federal district, 6 miles (24 by rail) S. of La Guaira, its port. Built on the S. slope of the Avila (8,635 feet), it is 3,025 feet above the tide-level, and en- joys from this elevation a healthful air and a temperature ranging between 48° and 100° F. The streets, built at right angles, are broad and well paved. There are a handsome promenade and numer- ous public parks and gardens; excellent water and gas plants; street railways; and the termini of several steam rail- ways. The most notable edifices are the Federal Palaces and other oflScial build- ings, including the president's "Yellow House"; the university; the Exhibition Palace; the cathedral; the magnificent basilica of St. Ann; and over a score of hospitals and charitable institutions. Be- sides the university, there are colleges of medicine, law, and engineering, and other technical schools. There is con- siderable export trade in cacao, coffee, tobacco, etc. It was founded in 1567, and has suffered severely at various times as the result of earthquakes. Pop. about 90,000. CABACCI, LODOVICO, AGOSTINO, AND ANNIBALE (ka-ra'che), three of the first painters of Italy, kinsmen, fel- low-students, and co-laborers, natives of Bologna, and founders of the Bolognese School. Lodovico, born in 1555, was placed at an early age with Prospero Fontana to study painting. He made such slow progress that his master dis- suaded him from the pursuit; upon which he left Fontana, and thenceforth studied the works only of the great masters, for which purpose he traveled to Venice and Parma. Returning to Bo- logna, he found his cousins, Agostino and Annibale, born in 1560, so well in- clined to his art, that he persuaded their father, a respectable tailor, to leave their education to him. Agostino, born in 1558, learned engraving from Cornelius Cort, and attained to such excellence that ■ many of his engravings are only dis- tinguishable from his master's by the superiority of the drawing; his works in that style are highly valued. He never practiced painting, however, with any constaHty. Lodovico retained Annibale with himself. Annibale exhibited a per- fect contrast to the phlegmatic calmness of Lodovico, to the accomplished fickle- ness of Agostino, and to the amiable mildness of both: he was rude and im- patient in temper, though of so open and generous a nature that he is said to have kept his colors and his money in the same box, both of which were equally at the disposal of his scholars. Like Lodo- vico, he traveled about from place to place, improving himself by all that he saw, and aiming to combine in his own works the excellencies of the great works that he studied. The three opened an academy in Lodovico's stiidio, which be- came famous for the illustrious pupils whom it sent forth. The fame of the Caracci reaching Rome, Annibale was in- vited by Cardinal Odoardo Farnese to adorn his palace vnth paintings. He went, accompanied by Agostino, but their usual dissensions arose, and Annibale's intol- erant devotion to labor drove away his more festive comrade. Annibale spent eight years of his life on his admirable work of the Farnese Gallery. He did little after this, and died in 1609. He was buried, according to- his own desire, by the side of Raphael. Agostino died in 1602; Lodovico lived until 1619. The works of the three kinsmen are princi- pally found in Bologna and Rome. The Farnese Gallery is considered the great- est work of Annibale. The Louvre con- tains "St. John the Baptist," by Lodo- vico, and the "Communion of St. Je- rome," by Agostino, which are respec- tively reckoned their best works in oil. CABAMEL, the brown mass which cane-sugar becomes at 220° C, used in cookery as a coloring and flavoring in- gredient, in giving a brown color to spirits, etc. The name of a certain prep- aration of candy. CABAT, a weight of BV2 grains; the twenty-fourth part of an ounce. It is used by jewelers to express the fineness of gold, the whole mass being supposed to be divided into 24 parts, and said to be so many carats fine, according to the number of twenty-fourth parts of pure gold contained in it. Twenty-four carat means all gold, 18 carat three-quarters gold. Fine gold consists of 22 carats of pure gold and two of alloy. The United States gold coinage is in these propor- tions. The carat used for diamonds and other precious stones equals 200 milli- grams (3.086 grains). CABAVAN, a Persian word used to denote large companies which traveled to- gether in Asia and Africa for the sake of security from robbers, having in view, principally, trade or pilgrimages. In