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CONSTITUTION OF THE TJ. S. 127 CONSTITUTION OF THE U. S. other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office he shall take the following oath or affirmation : "I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the UuHed States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Con- stitution of the United States." Si-.CTiON II. 1. The President shall be Com- mander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States when called into the actual service of the United States; he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices, and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offenses against tlie Uni^ad States except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power, by rnd with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators • present concur; and he sharll nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint ambassadors, other public minis- ters and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law ; but the Congress may by law vest the appoint- ment of such inferior officers as they think proper tn the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 3. The President shall have power to fill up All vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of their next session. Section III. He shall from time to time give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consid- eration such measures as he shall judge neces- -ary and expedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws be faithfully executed, and shall com- mission all the officers of the United States. Section IV. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States shall be removed from office on impeachment for and conviction of treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors. ARTICLE III. Section I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices during good behavior, and shall at stated times receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. Section II. 1. The judicial power shaH ex- tend to all cases in law and equitv arising under this Constitution, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made, under their authority ; to all cases affect- ing ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls : to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party : to controversies between two or more States, between a State and citizens of another State, between citizens of different States, between citizens of the same State claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citi-5ens thereof, and foreign States, citizens or subjects. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be party, the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction. In all the other cases before-mentioned the SuDreme Court shall have appellate jurisdiction both &a to law and fact, with such exceptions and under f:iich regulations as the Congress shall make. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of impeachment, shall be by jury, and such trial shall be held in the State where the said crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any State the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. SiiCTiON III. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only In levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and comfort. No person shall be convicted of treason unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or oa confession in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason, but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood or for- feiture except during the life of the persoa attainted. ARTICLE IV. Section I. Pull faith and credit shall be given In each State to the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general laws prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. Section II. 1. The citisens of each State shall be entitled to all privileges and immuni- ties of citizens in the several States. 2. A person charged in any State with trea- son, felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found In another State, shall, on demand of the Executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up. to be removed to the State having Jurisdlctloa of the crime. 3. No person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up oa claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. Section III. 1. New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall be formed or erected within tha jurisdiction of any other State, nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property be- longing to the United States ; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. Section IV. The United States shall guar- antee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, on application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against do- mestic violence. ARTICLE V. Tha Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amendments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all Intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths there- of, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress; provided that nu amendment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the Ninth Section of the First Ar- ticle; and that no State, without its consent,