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COOLIDGE 138 COOPER his State, who re-elected him Governor in dies, Mauritius, and other places, their 1919. He was nominated for vice-presi- passage being paid for them on their dent on the first ballot by the Hepub- agreeing to serve for a term of years. The first coolie emigrants appear to have been those sent to Bvitish Guiana from Calcutta in 1839 to supply the want of labor felt after the abolition of slavery. The coolies employed in Guiana are still chiefly from India. Coolies have also been introduced into Jamaica, Trinidad, Natal, and large numbers into Mauritius. There are over 600,000 in the British coloniea. The Chinese coolies have been principally sent to Cuba and Peru. The name is also given to Chinese immigTants to the United States. COOPEB, JAMES FENIMORE, an American novelist; born in Burlington. N. J., Sept. 15, 1789; studied at Yale College, and entered the American navy as a midshipman at the age of 16. In 1821 appeared the novel of "Precaution," but it was not till the production of the "Spy" and the "Pioneers" that he began to take a high place among contemto- rary novelists. The "Pilot," "Water- witch," "Pathfinder," "Deerslayer," "Last of the Mohicans," and "Red Rover" are familiar names to the novel-reading public. After visiting Europe and serv- CALVIN COOLIDGE lican National Convention meeting in Chicago in June, 1920, and was elected on Nov. 4, 1920. COOLIDGE, T(HOMAS), JEFFER- SON, an American diplomat, born in Bos- ton in 1831. He graduated from Harvard University in 1850 and began business in the firm of Gardiner & Coolidge, East India merchants. He also took an ac- tive part in the development of railways in the West. He was president of the A-tchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe, and other railroads. In 1892-1893 he was United States Minister to France, and in 1898-1899 he was a member of the Joint High Commission to adjust dis- putes between England and the United States. He gave the Jefferson Physical Research Laboratory to Harvard Uni- versity. COOLIE, a name in Hindustan for a day laborer, also extended to those of some other E. countries. Many of these have been introduced Into the West In- JAMES FENIMORE COOPER ing as consul of the United States at Lyons for three years, he returned to Cooperstown, N. Y., where he died, Sept.