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CUIRASS 218 citllum: His musical works include the operas: "The Mandarin's Son"; "William Rat- cliffe"; "Angelo"; "Le Filibustier"; "Le Sarrazin"; "Mademoiselle Fifi"; "Le Prisonnier du Caucase"; "La Fille du Capitaine"; "Un Festin Pendant la Peste"; "Le Palladia de Neige"; "Matteo Falcone"; "Le Petit Chaperon Rouge"; "Le Chat Botte"; and many smaller pieces. He died on March 14, 1918. CUIRASS, a breastplate; a covering for the breast; originally, as the name denotes, of leather, also of quilted linen, cloth, etc. The cuirass of plate-armor suc- ceeded the hauberk, hacqueton, etc., of mail, about the reign of Edward IIL; and from that period the surcoat, jupon, etc., which were usually worn over the coat of mail, began to be laid aside. From that time too the cuirass or breastplate con- tinued to be worn, and was the last piece of defensive armor laid aside in actual warfare. There were cuirassiers in the English civil wars, and in the French service nearly to the end of the 17th cen- tury; after this period, the cuirass was generally laid aside, until it was again employed by some of Napoleon's regi- ments, and it is now, in most European services, worn by some regiments of heavy cavalry. CULBERSON, CHARLES ALLEN, an American public official; born at Dade- ville, Tallapoosa co., Ala., June 10, 1855. He was graduated at the University of Virginia, and was admitted to the bar in 1878. His ability as a lawyer was soon recognized, and in 1880 he was elected County Attorney of Marion co., Tex. After his removal to Dallas he was elect- ed Attorney-General of the State in 1890, and re-elected two years later. In 1894, and again in 1896, he was triumphantly chosen Governor. At the Democratic Na- tional Conventions of 1896 and 1904, he served as chairman of the Texas delega- tion. In 1899 he succeeded Roger Q. Mills as United States Senator, and was re-elected in 1904, 1910, and 1916. CULDEES, a religious order which at an early period had establishments in many parts of Great Britain and Ii'e- land, but are especially spoken of in Scotland. The name is of uncertain ety- mology; but is probably from Celtic words meaning "attendant of God." It first appears in the 8th century, and the Culdees distinctively so called seem to have been anchorites living under their own abbots, and for long remaining inde- pendent of Roms. Otherwise archaeol- ogists have discovered no essential point either of faith, ritual, or constitution in which they differed from the other clergy of the Western Church. CULIACAN, capital of the State of Sinaloa, Mexico, on the river of the same name, about 49 miles from the Pacific Ocean. A wide plain surrounds it, and the city itself has notable buildings, in- cluding a cathedral, mint, and eccle- siastical college, and several handsome plazas. Tobacco is grown in the vicinity, and the other industries include textiles and coffee. It is an important commer- cial center, and the river navigation is steadily increasing. The foundation dates back to the 16th century, when the city was known as San Miguel. Pop. about 15,000. CULLODEN MOOR, a heath in Scot- ; land, 4 miles E. of Inverness, celebrated [ for the victory obtained April 27, 1746, by the Duke of Cumberland over Prince Charles Edward Stuart (the Pretender) > and his adherents. The battle was the last fought on British soil, and the ter- i . mination of the attempts of the Stuart family to recover the throne of England. CULLOM, SHELBY MOORE, an American public official; born in Ken- tucky in 1829. When he was a year old his family moved to Illinois, where he was educated at Rock River Seminary, Mt. Morris, 111. In 1853, he moved to Springfield, 111., to study law and re- sided there until his death. Until 1865 he continued to practice law, serving for some few years as a State Legislator. ^■ From 1865-1871 he was a member of Congress and served on im;portant com- mittees of that body. Taking a prom- inent part in the councils of the Repub- lican party, he was nominated and elected governor of Illinois in 1876. In 1883 he was elected United States Sena- tor, and held that position for over thirty years. For y*>ars he held the im- portant post of chairman of the Inter- state Commerce Committee. Almost his last work in the Senate was to secure the appropriations for the Lincoln Me- morial, a project in which he was deeply interested. He died in 1914. i^^ CULLUM, GEORGE WASHINGTON, an American military officer; born in New York City, Feb. 25, 1809 ; graduated from West Point in 1833; and was en- gaged for the next 28 years in engineer- ing labors and in instructing at West Point on practical military engineer- ing. During the Civil War he was chief of staff to the general-in-chief from No- vember, 1861, to September, 1864, and superintendent of the military academy from September, 1804, to August, 1866. From that time he was a member of the Board of Engineers for Fortifications, until he was placed on the retired list in 1874. At the time of his retirement he ' was colonel and brevet Major-General in