Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/383

DERBY 329 DE BESZEE after Bosworth Field, where he and his family had greatly contributed to Rich- mond's victory. James, seventh Earl of Derby (1606-1651), fought on the royal- ist side throughout the Great Rebellion, and, taken prisoner after Worcester, was beheaded at Bolton; his countess, Char- lotte de la Tremouille, is famous for her heroic defense of Lathom House (1644) and of the Isle of Man (1651). DERBY, EDWARD GEOFFREY SMITH STANLEY, 14th EARL OF, an English statesman; born in Knowsley Park, Lancashire, March 29, 1799. In 1820 he was elected to the House of Com- mons as member for Stockbridge. At first inclining to the Whig party he joined Canning's ministry in 1827 and in 1830 became chief secretary for Ireland in Lord Grey's government, greatly dis- tinguishing himself by his speeches in favor of the Reform Bill in 1831-1832. The opposition led by O'Connell in the House of Commons was powerful and violent, but Stanley was successful in totally defeating the agitation for the re- peal of the Union. He warmly advocated the abolition of slavery, and passed the act for this purpose in 1833; but in the following year a difference of opinion with his party as to the diversion of the surplus revenues of the Irish Church led him to join the Tories. In 1841 he be- came colonial secretary under Sir Robert Peel, but resigned on Peel's motion for repeal of the corn-laws. In 1861 and 1858 he formed ministries, and agfain in 1866. Early in 1868 he resigned office. He died Oct. 23, 1869. Edward Henry Stanley, 15th Earl of Derby, was born in 1826; educated at Rugby, and Trinity College, Cambridge. In 1852 he was under-secretary of foreign affairs; after- ward secretary of state for India. Under his superintendence the management of the British India Empire was transferred from the East India Company to the gov- ernment of Great Britain. In 1866 and also in 1874 he was secretary of state for foreign affairs. Lord Derby became a Liberal in 1879, and was secretary of state for the colonies under Mr. Glad- stone from 1882 to 1885. He, however, took a stand against Irish Home Rule in 1886, and afterward ranked among Mr. Gladstone's opponents. He died April 21, 1893. DERBY, EDWARD GEORGE VIL- LIERS STANLEY, EARL OF, a British statesman and diplomat. He was born in London in 1865, and was educated at Wellington College. During 1885-1895 he was lieutenant in the Grenadier Guards, acting, 1889-1891, as A. D. C. to the Gov- ernor-General of Canada. From 1899 to 1901, during the war with South Africa, he served, first as Chief Press Censor, afterward as private secretary to Lord Roberts (being twice mentioned in des- patches). He was one of the Lords of the Treasury during 1895-1900 and from 1900 to 1903 was Financial Secretary to the War Office. From 1903 to 1905 he was Postmaster-General. In 1892 he stood for parliament and was elected member for West Houghton Division of Lancashire, continuing to represent that constituency till 1906. After the World War broke out he became, in 1915, Director-General of Recruiting. In 1916 he became Under-Secretary for War and during 1916-1918 was Secretary of State for War. In 1918 he became Ambassador to France. DERBY DAY, the name given to two days of the racing season among Eng- lish-speaking peoples: (1) The day on which the English Derby is run. (2) The grand inauguration day of the sum- mer season at Washington Park, Chi- cago, on which day the American Derby is run. DERBYSHIRE NECK, a name given to bronchocele, from its being prevalent in some hilly parts of Derby co., England. DERBYSHIRE SPAR, also called fluorite, fluor-spar, and bluejohn; is abundant in Derbyshire, and also in Cornwall, England. In the N. of Eng- land it is the gangue of the lead mines. It is found in almost every variety of color, red being the rarest. DERCETO, the Greek name of a Syrian goddess, supposed to be the Dagon of the Philistines. DERELICT, a vessel or anything re- linquished or abandoned at sea, but most commonly applied to a ship abandoned by the crew and left floating about. DE RESZKE, EDOUARD, a Polish opera singer, bom in 1855 at Warsaw. In the early years of his life he studied scientific agriculture and for some time took care of the family estates in Silesia. About 1875 at the suggestion of his older brother he studied voice culture under the eminent masters of his day, and in 1876 made his debut in Paris as a basso. During the last decade of the 19th century he was one of the most popular singers in the operas given in New York and London. He died in 1917. DE RESZKE, JEAN, a dramatic tenor, bom in Poland in 1850. His voice at- tracted attention while he was yet a boy. He studied law and obtained his degree, but chose a singing career in preference to a legal one. After some years of training he made his first appearance at