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DOMESTIC SERVICE 398 DOMINIAN only on very remunerative terms. The unrest which succeeded the war did nothing to solve the problem, if indeed it did not augment it. The present con- dition of the domestic servants in the United States as compared with other classes of labor is certainly good. The wages of a girl or woman doing the work of general housekeeping averages from twelve to fifteen dollars a week, and in addition she secures room and board. The only unsatisfactory part to the serv- ant is the social inferiority which such a position carries with it and the some- what longer hours. To remedy this last abuse the "shift" system — allowing each servant to work but eight hours— has been suggested and in some localities been put in force by the very wealthy. Co-operative housekeeping has been at- tempted by those whose means are limited, to cope with the problem of se- curing help. "Community kitchens" sup- ply the food, control heating plants, do away with the necessity of janitor serv- ice, while modern electric equipment vastly reduces the time consumed in housework. In England and on the Continent of Europe the conditions of labor of the household servant are not nearly so good. In most of these countries there is a class bred to service, and members of that class seldom aspire to a higher social status. This is more especially the case the farther eastward one goes in Europe, reaching its climax in nations such as Poland, Rumania, and Hungary, where the personal restrictions on the liberty of the servant remind one of the feudal serf. Prior to the Revolution in Russia much the same condition ob- tained there. Even in France or Ger- many the household servants are rather pleased to wear the white caps belong- ing to their order, while in America it remains one of the distasteful features of domestic service. In Germany at the termination of a servant's employment in the household the employer is obliged to enter a comment in a police book, stating how satisfactory that servant has been. In England domestic servants are hired by the year and the employer is free to discharge immediately and without any notice on the discovery of theft, immorality, extreme incompe- tence or disobedience. This practically leaves the servant at the mercy of the employer and this feature is one which is characteristic even in the United States. Wages in England and the Con- tinent are considerably below those paid in the States. Seven and eight dollars a week secure the same amount of serv- ice in England which twice that amount could scarcely command in America. DOMETT, ALFRED, an English poet; born in Surrey, England, May 20, 1811; said to have been the original of Brown- ing's "Waring." He was a colonial statesman of eminence. His verse at- tracted much attention, the best spec- imens being in the volumes "Ranolf and Amohia" (1872), and "Flotsam and Jet- sam: Rhymes Old and New" (1877). He died in London, Nov. 12, 1887. DOMICILE. 1. The place of residence of an individual or a family; the place where one habitually resides, and which he looks upon as his home, as distin- guished from places where one resides temporarily or occasionally. Domicile is of three sorts: (1) Domicile of origin or nativity, which is that of the parents at the time of the birth; (2) Domicile of choice, which is that place which a person voluntarily chooses as his resi- dence and home; (3) Domicile by opera- tion of law, as that of a wife acquired by marriage. 2. The length of time during which a party must have resided in a State in order to give jurisdiction in civil causes, the period varying in the different States. The domicile of origin remains until another has been acquired. In order to change such domicile there must be an actual removal with an intention to re- side in the place to which the party re- moves. When he changes it, he acquires a domicile in the place of his new resi- dence, and loses his original domicil" Oflficers of the government whose pu^l; duties require a temporary residence epe- where, retain their domiciles. Officer - soldiers, and marines, in the service c the United States, do not lose their domiciles while thus employed. DOMINANT, in music, the fifth tone of the diatonic scale, and which assumes the character of a keynote itself when there is a modulation into the first sharp remove. Thus, G is the dominant of the scale C, and D the dominant of the scale of G. Dominant chord, in music, that which is formed by grouping three tones, rising gradually by intervals of a third from the dominant or fifth tone of the scale. It occurs almost invariably immediately be- fore the tonic chord which closes the per- fect cadence. DOMINGO, SANTO. See SANTO Domingo. DOMINIAN, LEON,; an American geographer, born in Constantinople, Tur- key, in 1880. He graduated from Robert College, Constantinople, in 1898, and afterward took special courses in geol- ogy at the University of Liege. After traveling in Turkey, he became field