Page:Collier's New Encyclopedia v. 03.djvu/473

DOUM PALM 411 DOVER at the Cour d'Appel of Nimes, and was magistrate in Indo-China during 1890- 1892. In 1893 he became magistrate in Algiers; deputy of Gard in 1893; and secretary of the Chamber of Deputies in 1895. During 1902-1905 he was Minister of the Colonies; 1905-1906 Vice-Presi- dent of the Chamber of Deputies; 1906- 1908, Minister of Commerce, Industry, and Labor; and 1908-1910, Minister of Public Instruction. In 1910 he became senator of Gard. During 1913-1914 he was President of the Council and Minis- ter of Forei^ Affairs. Since 1914 he has been Minister of the Colonies. DOUM PALM, or DOOM PALM, a species of palm, a native of Egypt, re- markable for the manner in which its trunk divides dichotomously, the branches terminating in tufts of large fan-shaped leaves. The pericarp is about the size of an apple, and is used as food by the poorer classes. It has a taste resembling that of gingerbread, whence the tree it- self is sometimes called the gingerbread- tree. The fibers of the leaf-stalks are made into ropes, and small ornaments are made of the seeds. An infusion of the rind is used in fevers, and as an aperient. DOTJRO, one of the largest rivers of Spain and Portugal, rises in the Pico de Urbion (7,369 feet), in Old Castile, about 30 miles N. W. of Soria (3,445 feet above sea-level). From its source it flows S. E. to Soria, then winds toward the W. and pursues a general W. direc- tion till it reaches the Portuguese border, when it flows S. W. for about 60 miles, forming the boundary be- tween Spain and Portugal, and then flows W. through Portugal, entering the Atlantic below Oporto. Its Portuguese tributaries are comparatively small. The total length of the river is about 490 miles; it is navigable to Torro de Mon- corvo, 90 miles. DOVE, a river rising 4 miles S. W. of Buxton, England, and flowing S. and S. E. along the borders of Derbyshire and Staffordshire to the Trent, which it enters at Newton Solney, after a course of 45 miles. It was the favorite fishing stream of Izaak Walton, who lived here with his friend, Charles Cotton ; and it is still beloved of anglers. DOVE, the English appellation of the genus Columbus, or Columha. Thus the stock-dove is Columbus or Columba senas, the ring-dove C. palnmbus, the rock-dove C. livia, and the turtle-dove C. turtur. No very clear distinction is drawn be- tween the words dove and pigeon, thus C livia is often called the rock-pigeon instead of the rock-dove; yet Ectopistes migratorms is never called the migra- torjr doye, but only the migratory pigeon. PL: The order Columhie. Sometimes it is made a sub-order of Rasores, in which case it is called Columbacei or Gcmitores. The dove in Christian art is the synv- bol of the Holy Ghost (Matt, iii : IG): as such, it is represented in its natural form, the body of a snowy whiteness, the beak and claws red, which is the color natural to those parts in white doves. The nimbus which always surrounds its head should be of a gold color, and di- vided by a cross, which is either red or black. A radiance of light invests and proceeds from the person of the dove, and is emblematical of the Divinity. It is also sometimes represented, in stained glass, with seven rays, termi- nating in stars, significant of the seven gifts of the Holy Ghost. The dove is the emblem of love, simplicity, innocence, purity, mildness, compunction; holding an olive-branch, it is an emblem of peace. Doves were used in churches to serve three purposes: (1) Suspended over altars to serve as a pyx. (2) As a type or figure of the Holy Spirit over altars, baptisteries, and fonts. (3) As sym- bolical ornaments. The dove is also an emblem of the human soul, and as such is seen issuing from the lips of dying martyrs and devout persons. DOVER, a Cinque port and parlia«. mentary and municipal borough in the E. of Kent, England, QQ, miles E. S. E. of London. It is the headquarters of the Southeastern District of the British army. The fortifications comprise Dover Castle, which occupies a commanding position on the chalk cliffs, 375 feet above the level of the sea, and still includes some of the old Saxon and Norman work; Fort Burgoyne on the N. side of the town, Archcliffe Fort to the W., and the batteries on the Western Heights, where large barracks are situated. Dover holds a distinguished place in English history. Three submarine cables connect it with the Continent, and here an en- trance was made to the proposed Chan- nel Tunnel. Pop. (1919) 39,282. DOVER, a city, capital of the State of Delaware, and county-seat of Kent CO. ; on Jones creek, and the Philadelphia^, Washington, and Baltimore railroad, 75 miles S. of Philadelphia. It is the seat of Wilmington Conference Academy and has a handsome monument ei*ected to the memory of Cassar Rodney, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independ- ence. It is the cent-er of a great fruit- growing region; is on high ground: is laid out with wide, straight streets that cross each other at right angles; and is