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DRUMFISH 429 DBUMMOND ISLAND is the ordinary drum used by an infantry or marching band. It is employed main- ly to mark the time, and also to increase the fortes. The big drum, or grosse caisse, of the modern orchestra, is a modification of the ordinary drum, with the diameter greatly increased, and the length of the cylinder lessened. It is struck on one side only. (2) Is the side- drum of the fife and drum bands. It is occasionally employed in the orchestra for special effects. (3) Are either the small kettle-drums of the cavalry band, played on horseback; or the proper or- chestral drums, larger in size, but simi- /ar in construction. The tambourine is a species of drum, consisting of a single skin on a frame or vessel open at bottom. The heads are tightened by cords and braces, or by rods and screws. The drum was a martial instrument among the ancient Egjrptians, as the sculptures of Thebes testify. Their long drum was like the Indian tam-tam, and was beaten by the hand. The invention of the drum is ascribed to Bacchus, who, according to Polygcenus, gave his signal of battle by cymbal and drum. DRUMFISH, or DRUM. Pogonias chromis, and other species of the same genus, fishes found on the Atlantic coasts of North America, and so named from the deep, drumming sound they make in the water. They usually weigh about 20 pounds. DRITMMOND, SIR GEORGE GOR- DON, an English soldier; born in 1771. He entered the British army as ensign in 1789; became lieutenant-colonel, 1794; served with distinction in the Holland campaign, 1794-1795, and in Egypt, 1800; was staff-officer at Jamaica several years; on duty in Canada, 1808-1811; promoted lieutenant-general, 1811; again ordered to Canada as second in com- mand under Sir George Prevost, 1813; planned and effected the capture of Fort Niagara, and planned the successful at- tack on Black Rock and Buffalo; led a combined military and naval force against Oswego and destroyed the Am.erican works and stores, May, 1814; was in command of the British forces at the battle of Lundy's Lane, July 25, and in August invested, but failed to capture, Fort Erie. In 1815 he was appointed Governor-General of Canada, resigned and returned to England, and in 1817 received the grand cross of the Order of the Bath. He died in 1854. DRUMMOND. HENRY, a Scotch ge- ologist <and religious writer; born in Stirling in 1851. He studied theology at Edinburgh University. In 1877 he was appointed Professor of Natural Science in the Free Church College, Glasgow. "Natural Law in the Spiritual World" (1883), and its successor "The Ascent of Man," applications of modern scien- tific methods to the immaterial universe, made his popular fame. He traveled in central Africa (1883-1884) studying its botany and geology, and later wi'ote "Tropical Africa" (1888). Other semi- religious writings of his are: "Pax Vobiscum" (1890) ; "The Greatest Thing in the World" (1890); "The Programme of Christianity" (1892). He died in Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. DRUMMOND, THOMAS, a Scotch scientist; born in Edinburgh in 1797. During his professional training at Woolwich and Chatham he showed high mathematical and mechanical abilities^ with aptitude for the practical applica- tion of scientific principles. In 1920 he was an assistant in the trigonometrical survey of the United Kingdom. The in- candescence of lime having been brought under his notice at a lecture on chem- istry, he made experiments, and the re- sult was the Drummond Light, noticed in the "Philosophical Transactions" (1826). He invented a heliostat or re- flecting mirror, described in the same paper. Experiments for adapting his light to lighthouses are detailed in the "Philosophical Transactions" (1830). In 1835 he went to Dublin with Lord Mul- grave as under-secretary for Ireland. He died in Dublin, April 15, 1840. DRUMMOND, WILLIAM, a Scotch poet; born in Edinburgh, Dec. 13, 1585. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, after which he spent four years in foreign travels. On his return to Scotland he retired to Hawthornden. He entertained Ben Jonson, on the occa- sion of a visit which the English drama- tist made to Scotland in the winter of 1618-1619, and took notes of Jonson's conversation, which were first published in 1711. He was the first Scotch writer to abandon the native dialect for the language raised to supremacy by the Elizabethan writers. His chief produc- tions are: "The Cypress Grove," in prose, containing reflections upon death; "Flowers of Zion, or Spiritual Poems"; "Tears on the Death of Moeliades"; "Poems, Amorous, Funeral, Divine, Pas- toral, in Sonnets, Songs, Sextains, Mad- rigals"; "The River Forth Feasting" and "History of the Lives and Reigns of the Five Jameses, Kings of Scotland." He died in Edinburgh, Dec. 4, 1649. DRUMMOND ISLAND, the extreme W. of the Manitoulin chain, in Lake Huron, belongs to Chippewa co., Mich. It measures 20 by 10 miles. 28— Vol. Ill— Cyc