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HAMILTON 466 HAMILTON land field. It has over 500 manufactur- ing establishments, 33 banks and branches, over 80 churches, and many public and private institutions. Pop. (1918) about 110,000. HAMILTON, a town of Lanarkshire, Scotland, on the Clyde; 10 miles S. E. of Glasgow. The principal edifice is the burgh building (1863), with a clock- tower nearly 130 feet high; and there are also the county buildings, large bar- racks, and a good race-course. The former manufactures of lace, tamboured bobinette, and cambric have declined; and mining is now the chief industry of the district. Hamilton was made a royal burgh in 1548, and one of the five Fal- kirk parliamentary burghs in 1832. Hamilton Palace, successor to Cadzow Castle, is the seat of the Duke of Ham- ilton. Dating partly from 1594, but greatly enlarged in 1705 and 1822, it is a sumptuous classical structure, though its choicest art collections were sold in 1882 for nearly $2,000,000. Within its policies are a superb mausoleum (1852), the ruins of Cadzow Castle, the herd of wild white cattle, and some primeval oaks. Pop. about 39,531. HAMILTON, metropolis of the W. part of Victoria, Australia, on Grange Burn Creek, 224 miles W. of Melbourne. Two pastoral and agricultural exhibi- tions are held here annually, and two race-meetings. Pop. (1918) 4,700. HAMILTON, FAMILY OF, a family long connected with Scotland, though probably of English origin, the name being evidently territorial. The first person of the name in Scotland of whom we have reliable information was Wal- ter FlTZ-GlLBERT OP HAMILTON, who, in 1296, swore fealty to Edward I. of Eng- land. In 1445 the family was ennobled in the person of Sir James Hamilton of Cadzow, who was created Lord Hamil- ton of Cadzow. At first he adhered to the Douglases against the crown; but, deserting them opportunely, he was re- warded by large grants of their forfeited lands, and at a later period by the hand of the Princess Mary, eldest daughter of King James II., and widow of Thomas Boyd, Earl of Arran. He died in 1479. James, the 3d Marquis of Hamilton, one of the ablest and most distinguished of the family, created Duke of Hamilton in 1643 by Charles I., was taken pi'isoner by the parliamentary forces soon after the battle of Preston, and beheaded in March, 1649. William Alexander Louis Stephen Douglas Hamilton, 12th Duke of Hamilton in the peerage of Scotland, and 9th Duke of Brandon in the peerage of Great Britain, is premier peer of Scotland, and hereditary keeper of Holyrood House. The ennobled off- shoots of the main branch of the Ham- iltons are numerous and distinguished. Among these are the Dukes of Abercorn, the Earls of Selkirk, Orkney, and Had- dington, and the Viscounts Boyne. HAMILTON, ALEXANDER, an American statesman; bom in Nevis, W. I., Jan. 11, 1757. In 1772 he was sent to Elizabethtown, N. J., to a grammar school, and in 1773 entered King's Col- lege (now Columbia University). When the Revolution broke out he was ap- pointed (1776) captain of artillery, and in 1777 was made a member of Washing- ton's staff, with the rank of lieutenant- 4 ALEXANDER HAMILTON colonel. In 1780 be married a daughter of General Schuyler. Being reproved by Washington for some slight matter, he resigned his commission, but the next year was in command of a battalion of infantry, engaging in the battle of York- town. The war being ended he studied law, and was sent to Congress in 1782, and again in 1787. He served in the convention that framed the National Constitution, where he led the sentiment in favor of a strong Federal government, as against a mere union of States. He wrote the greater number of papers col- lected in "The Federalist," that exerted