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MASSENA 150 MASSINGER of the Italian colony of Eritrea; situated partly on the mainland and partly on a sterile coral island in the Red Sea, one mile in circumference and 200 yards from the mainland. Massaua is surrounded by islets, which make navigation very diffi- cult; is a place of exchange for the prod- ucts and merchandise of Abyssinia and the Sudan and those of India and Eu- rope; chief trade in ivory, coffee, tobacco, and ostrich feathers. It is connected with Asmara, the capital of the colony, by railway. Formerly an Egyptian pos- session, it was taken by Italy in 1885. Pop. about 2,500. MASSENA, ANDBlfi (ma-sa-na'), PRINCE OF ESSLING, DUKE OF RIVOLI, a French military officer; born in Nice, May 6, 1758. He went through the regular gradations in an Italian regi- ment, commencing his military career at the age of 17. After 14 years' service he obtained his discharge; but in 1792 the French revolution caused him to enter the service of the French republic. He had the chief command in Switzerland in 1799, when he finished the campaign by completely routing the Austro-Russian army under the Archduke Charles and General Korsakoff. In 1800 he command- ed in Italy, but with less success than in his former campaigns. He was, however, again successful in the campaigns of 1805 and 1806, taking possession of Naples, and signalizing himself in the campaign of Poland which was termi- nated by the treaty of Tilsit. In 1810 he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the army in Portugal. Massena began, March 5, 1811, his celebrated retreat in Spain, entering Salamanca in the latter part of April, after having lost 30,000 men within six months. On May 5 he fought the bloody but indecisive battle of Fuentes d'Onoro; and soon after, on account of ill-health he resigned his com- mand and returned to France. He gave his adhesion to the Bourbons after the restoration; became Commander-in-Chief of the National Guard of Paris, and died in Paris, April 4, 1817. MASSENET, JULES EMILE FRE'- DERIC (mas-na'), a French composer; born in Montaud, France. May 12, 1842. He won the "Prix de Rome" in 1863, was favorably received as the composer of meritorious orchestral works and a comic opera, "The Great Aunt" (1867), before the Franco-Prussian War, and in 1873 took his place among the foremost of the younger composers of France, his fame being established by the comic opera "Don Caesar de Bazan" (1872), the class- ical opera "The Furies" (1873), and the oratorio "Mary Magdalen" (1873). These were followed by the oratories "Eve" (1875) and "Virgin" (1879), the great operas "King of Lahore" (1877), "Herodiade" (1881); "Manon Lescaut" (1884) ; and "Esclairmonde" (1889) ; "Thais" (1894) ; "Le Jongleur de Notre- Dame" (1902); "Sapho" (1907); "Bac- chus" (1908); "Roma" (1912); "Cleo- patre" (posthumus, 1914). He died in 1912. MASSEY, WILLIAM FERGUSON, Prime Minister of New Zealand and Minister of Lands and Labor since 1912. Born at Limavady, Ireland, in 1856. Ed- ucated at public schools. Emigrated to New Zealand in 1870 and followed farm- ing. Was early associated with local government as President of Agricultural Societies, Farmer Clubs. Represented Waitemata in the New Zealand Parlia- ment, 1894. Member for Franklin, 1896. Leader of the Opposition, 1903. Held of- fices as Minister of Land, Labor, Agri- culture, Industry, and Ckwnmerce. A representative of New Zealand at the Imperial War Cabinet and Conference in 1917-1918. HASSICO (mass'-) (Mons Massicus), a mountain in the province of Terra di Lavoro, Naples, Italy, and having on its slopes a town of the same name. Massic wine has been famous from remote times. MASSIGES, a French hamlet in the department of the Marne. Before the World War of 1914-1918 the population was 153. It was the center of intense struggles between the Germans and the forces of the Allies. MASSILLON, a city in Stark co., 0.; on the Tuscarawas river, the Ohio canal, and the Wheeling and Lake Erie, the Pensylvannia and the Northern Ohio Traction and Light Co. railroads; 8 miles W. of Canton, and 55 miles S. of Cleve- land. It is located in the famous Tusca- rawas valley coalfield. There are electric light and street railroad plants, water- works, business college, high school. Na- tional banks, and daily and weekly news- papers. It is the seat of the State hospi- tal and Asylum for the Insane, and has machine shops, rolling mill, extensive agricultural implement works, bridge works, glass works, foundry, pottery, etc. Pop. (1910) 13,879; (1920) 17,428. MASSINGER, PHILIP (mas'in-jer), an English dramatist; born in Salisbury, England, November, 1583. He studied at Oxford, but quitted the university without taking a degree, and repaired to London about 1606. ., As a dramatist Massinger is more natural in his charac- ters and poetical in his diction than Jon-