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KATEBIALIBM 153 HATINS lemon juice was added. Usually the in- fusion is sucked through a tube, some- times of silver, having a perforated bulb to act as a strainer at the lower end. It contains theine, and acts as a slight aperient and diuretic. MATERIALISM, that view of philos- ophy which consists in the denial of any immaterial part in man or in the uni- verse. See Philosophy. MATERIA MEDICA (ma-te'ri-a med'- i-ka), a general term for the different medicines employed for curative pur- poses; a list of remedies. Also a descrip- tion of the several material substances employed for curative purposes with an investigation into their modes of oper- ation, and their effects upon the human frame. It includes both pharmacy, or pharmacology, and therapeutics. MATHEMATICS, that science which treats of quantity expressed by the use of symbols, also the science which treats cf the measuring of quantities and the process of ascertaining their properties and relations. See Arithmetic, Algebra, Equation, etc. MATHER, COTTON, an American clergyman; born in Boston, Mass., Feb. 12, 1663. After graduating at Harvard College, in 1678, and early manifesting a truly Puritan spirit of austerity, he de- voted himself to theological studies, and, in 1684, was ordained as his father's col- league in the pastorate of the North Church, Boston. He distinguished him- self as the self-called exterminator of witchcraft; in relation to which delu- sion he published, in 1685, his "Memo- rable Providences relating to Witchcraft and Possessions." Following this diatribe against demonology, appeared, in Lon- don, a discourse from his pen, pronounc- ing witchcraft "the most nefarious high treason against the Majesty on high," — with a preface by Richard Baxter. In 1692, he produced his "Wonders of the Invisible World." He died in Boston, Mass., Feb. 13, 1728. MATHER, INCREASE, an American clergyman; born in Dorchester, Mass., June 21, 1639. Educated at Harvard College, where he took his degree, in 1656. In the following year he went to England, where he obtained preferment, and was greatly distinguished for his urbanity and integrity but in conse- quence of his Nonconformist opinions was obliged to return to his native col- ony, where he was appointed minister at Boston ; in 1684, was elected president of Harvard College. He was the author of many theological works, a "History of the Indian War," and a "Discourse on Comets and Earthquakes." He died in Boston, Mass., Aug. 23, 1723. MATHEW, THEOBALD, an Irish re- former; born in Thomastown Castle, near Cashel, Ireland, Oct. 10, 1790; entered the college at Maynooth in 1807, and was ordained in the Franciscan order in 1814. On April 10, 1838, he signed a total ab- stinence pledge and began a temperance crusade. He traveled over all parts of Great Britain and Ireland, and in the United States in 1849-1851. In the course of the first five months of his work he administered the pledge at Cork alone to over 150,000 converts. The im- mediate results of his preaching were a marked decrease in crime and intoxica- tion. Thousands of Father Mathew Total Abstinence Societies have been or- ganized throughout the world in his honor. He died in Queensto%vn, Ireland, Dec 8, 1856. MATHEWS, CHARLES, an English actor; born in London, England, June 28, 1776. He made his first appearance as an amateur — in the part of Richmond — at the Richmond theater in 1793, and as a professional comedian in the Theater Royal, Dublin, the following year. He then served in the famous York com- pany under Tate Wilkinson, and made his first appearance in London in May, 1803, at the Haymarket. In 1818 he took up the profession of entertainer" and made an immense success with his "At Homes" and other entertainments. He died in Plymouth, England, June 28, 1835. MATICO (-te'ko) , an astringent plant supposed to be Artantlie eUmgata; called also Piper angustifolium. It is applied in leaf or as a fine powder to stop hemor- rhage from wounds or leech bites; some- times also an infusion is taken internally. MATILDA, "the Empress Maud," only daughter of Henry I. of England; bora in London, England, in 1103. She married in 1114 the Emperor Henry V., and after his death in 1128 Geoffrey of Anjou, by whom she became mother of Henry, afterward Henry II. of England. There was civil war between her and Stephen, 1139-1147. She died in Notre Dame des Pres near Rouen, France, Sept. 10, 1167. MATINS, the daily office of Morning Prayer in the Anglican communion. It is composed in part of the pi-e-Reforma- tion offices of Matins and Lauds. In the Roman Catholic Church, the first portion of the Divine Office with which Lauds are usually associated.