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LONGCHAMPS LONG ISLAND resorts. The city has numerous hotels, pleasure resorts, cottages, parks, a board walk, and driveways, and electric rail- way communication with other New Jersey coast resorts. It has a National bank, public library, public schools, elec- tric lights, and the Monmouth Memorial Hospital. The commission form of gov- ernment has been adopted. Pop. (1910) 13,298; (1920) 13,521. LONGCHAMPS (ng-shong'), the race-course on the S. W. side of the Bois du Boulogne, on the W. of Paris, France, where the race for the Grand Prix ("Grand Prize") is run. LONGEVITY, great age, or duration of life. Among mammals only man and the elephant live to 100 years. Authentic cases have been recorded of men living to be 108 years old, but such instances are rare. Heredity plays an important part in the records of longevity, which runs in families. It is also due to a care for the laws of health, and regard for diet, cleanliness, and exercise. With- in a few centuries the human life aver- age has nearly doubled. In France between 1817 to 1831 the average was 29, and from 1840 to 1859 the average was 39. In England during these periods it was 39 and 49 respectively. In New York the average life is now 33 and a fraction. LONGFELLOW, HENRY WADS- WORTH, an American poet; bom in Portland, Me., Feb. 27, 1807; was grad- uated in 1825 at Bowdoin College. In 1826 he accepted the professorship of modem languages at Bowdoin, spending, however, the next three years in Europe. In 1835 appeared "Outre-Mer," a volume of prose sketches, and in the same year he was elected to the Smith professorship of modem languages at Harvard. After spending another year in Europe, he en- tered on his professorship in 1836. In 1839 he published "Hyperion, a Romance," and "Voices of the Night." "Ballads and other Poems," and "Poems on Slavery" appeared in 1842; "The Spanish Student," a drama, in 1843; "The Belfry of Bruges" in 1846; "Evangeline" in 1847. In 1845 he published an anthology, "The Poets and Poetry of Europe." His other works were: "Kavanagh" (1849); "The Seaside and the Fireside" (1850); "The Golden Legend" (1851); "Hiawatha" (1855); the "Courtship of Miles Standish" and "Birds of Passage" (1858); "Tales of a Wayside Inn" (1863); "Flower de Luce" (1866): a translation of Dante's "Divine Comedy" (1867-1870) ; "New England Tragedies" (1869); "The Divine Tragedy" (1871); "Three Books of Song" (1872); "After- math" (1873); "The Hanging of the Crane" (1874) ; "Morituri Salutamus and the Masque of Pandora" (1875); "Kera- mos" (1878); "Ultima Thule" (1880); "In the Harbor" (1882); and "Michael Angelo," the fragment of a drama HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW (1883). He resigned his chair at Harvard in 1854. His poems are equally popular on both sides of the Atlantic. His best and most enduring work is to be found among his narrative and lyric poems. He died in Cambridge, Mass., March 24, 1882. LONGFELLOW, SAMUEL, an Amer- ican clergyman, brother of Henry W. Longfellow; bom in Portland, Me., June 18, 1819. He was graduated at Harvard College in 1839, and at the Divinity School in 1846. He held pastorates in Unitarian churches in Fall River, Mass., Brooklyn, N. Y., and Germantown, Pa. Later he settled in Cambridge, Mass. As a hsnnn-writer he had few equals. He wrote: "Life of H. W. Longfellow" (2 vols., 1886); "Final Memorials of H. W. Longfellow" (1887). He died in Port- land, Me., Oct. 3, 1892. LONGFORD, a county in Ireland in the province of Leinster, with an area of 421 square miles and a population of 43,800. The southern part of the county is good pasture land, but in the northern section the soil is very poor. The capital of the county is Longford with a popula- tion of 3,700, LONG LSLAND, an island forming part of the State of New York; extreme