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MIDDLE STATES 222 MIGNONETTE ary borough of England, in the North Riding of Yorkshire, Has numerous blast- furnaces and rolling mills, foundries, en- gineering works, ship yards, nail works, bolt and nut works, etc.; salt is being ex- tensively worked, there being a thick bed of rock salt at a depth of 1,300 feet. Its rapid growth has been due to its suit- ability as a port for the Durham coal- fields, and to the smelting of iron ore abounding in the adjacent Cleveland Hills. The borough was incorporated in 1853, and returns one member to Parlia- ment. Pop. (1917) 119,251. MIDDLE STATES, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware, in allusion to the fact that at the time of the adoption of the Constitution they were the central commonwealths of the federation. MIDDLETON, THOMAS, an English dramatist; born in London (?), about 1570. He collaborated with Rowley, Massinger, Fletcher, and Ben Jonson. He wrote: "A Mad World, My Masters" (1608); "The Game of Chess" (1623); 'The Spanish Gipsy" (1653); "Women Beware Women" (1657). He died in Newington Butts, in 1627. MIDDLETOWN, a city and county- seat of Middlesex co., Conn., on the Con- necticut river, and the New York, New Haven, and Hartford railroad; 15 miles S. of Hartford. It is the seat of Wes- LEYAN University (q. v.), the State In- dustrial School for Girls, the Berkeley Divinity School, and a State Insane Asylum; contains the county court house, National and savings banks, and the Russell Public Library; and has electric light and street railroad plants, improved waterworks, and manufactories of ship hardware, elastic webbing, rubber goods, pumps, hammocks, sewing machines, etc. Middletown was incorporated in Sep- tember, 1651. Pop. (1910) 11,851; (1920) 13,638. MIDDLETOWN, a city in Orange co., N. Y., on the Wallkill river, and on the Erie, New York, Ontario and Western, and the Middletown and Unionville rail- roads; 66 miles N. W. of New York City. There are a Union School, Middletown Academy, the Thrall Public Hospital, the State Asylum for the Insane, water- works, public library. National banks, and several daily and weekly news- papers. The city is the center of a large country trade in live-stock and garden produce. Here are located the ma- chine shops of the New York, Ontario and Western railroad, and there are manufactories of woolen hats, wood type, shirts, blankets, files, saws, sheet steel, condensed milk, etc. Middletown was chartered as a city in 1888, up to which year it was a part of Wallkill township. It was important in the early history of New York as a half-way sta- tion on the old Minisink road, which ran from the Hudson to the Delaware river, and was much used by emigrants on their wav to western New York. Pop. (1910) 15,313, (1920) 18,420. MIDDLETOWN, a city in Butler co., 0.; on the Miami river, the Miami and Erie canal, and the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton, the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, the Cincinnati Northern and other railroads; 34 miles N. of Cincinnati. Here are waterworks on the Holly system, and electric street railroad, electric lights. National and private banks, and several daily and weekly newspapers. The city has manu- factories of paper, tobacco, bicycles, motor cycles, gas engines, and agricul- tural implements. Pop. (1910) 13,152; (1920) 23,594. MIDDLETOWN, a borough in Dauphin CO.. Pa.; on the Susquehanna river, and on the Philadelphia and Reading, and the Pennsylvania railroads; 10 miles S. E. of Harrisburg. It contains the Emaus Orphan Home, waterworks, a high school. National banks, daily and weekly newspapers, and an electric road connecting it with Harrisburg. It is lo- cated in an agricultural and lumbering region, and has extensive iron works, planing mills and sash factory, car works, tanneiy, a furniture factory, etc. Pop. (1910) 5,374; (1920) 5,920. MIDI (me-de'), CANAL DTT, or CA- NAL DTJ LANGUEDOC, a canal from Toulouse on the Garonne to Cette on the Mediterranean. It is 150 miles long and was built in 1681 at a cost of $3,500,000. It connects the Atlantic with the Medi- terranean Sea. MIDSHIPMAN, in the United States navy, the naval cadet whose duty it for- merly was to render such service as was required of him by the various of- ficers on the ship, such as carrying mes- sages, etc. He receives instruction, liter- ary and professional, and his special duties are to pass on the orders of the superior officers to the men, and to superintend the carrying out of them. In zoology, an American sea fish allied to the toad fish. MIDSUMMER DAY, the feast day of the nativity of St. John the Baptist, and commonly reckoned to be June 24. MIGNONETTE (min-yon-ef). Reseda odorata, a well-known and highly fra-