tories of foundry and machine shop products, lumber and timber, railroad cars, etc. In 1919 the statistics of the manufactures of the State were as follows: number of establishments, 939; average number of wage-earners, 13,704; amount paid in wages, $13,001,000; value of materials used, $46,744,000; value of finished products, $84,446,000.
Banking.—On Oct. 31, 1919, there were reported 138 National banks in operation with $5,030,000 capital, $3,792,711 in outstanding circulation. There were also 256 State banks, with $8,290,000 capital, and $2,190,000 surplus; 9 private banks with $645,000 capital, and $49,000 surplus. The exchanges for the year ending Sept. 3, 1919, at the United States clearing house at Helena amounted to $109,910,000, an increase over those of the preceding year of $6,353,000.
Churches.—The strongest denominations in the State are the Roman Catholic, Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, North; Protestant Episcopal; Disciples of Christ; Regular Baptist, North; Methodist Episcopal, South.
Education.—The school population of the State in 1919 was 158,674. There were enrolled in the schools 122,000 pupils. The average daily attendance was 87,660. There were 749 female and 616 male teachers. The average monthly salary for elementary schools was $91.25, and for high schools, $114.00.
Transportation.—There were, in 1917, 4,930 miles of main line track, 205 miles of double track line, and 1,594 miles of branches. The total mileage in operation was 6,987. The roads having the longest mileage were the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul, the Great Northern, and the Southern Pacific.
Finances.—The receipts for the year ending Nov. 30, 1918, were $9,254,263, and the disbursements $9,704,868. There was a balance at the end of the year of $2,583,810. The total indebtedness of the State was about $2,000,000.
State Government.—The governor is elected for a term of four years. Legislative sessions are held biennally, beginning on the first Monday of January, and are limited to 60 days each. The Legislature has 54 members in the Senate and 108 in the House. There are two representatives in Congress.
History.—Montana was partly included in the Louisiana Purchase, and partly in the Oregon country, acquired by the treaty with Great Britain in 1846. Till the discovery of gold in 1862 this region was but little visited, excepting by hunters, fur companies, explorers and missionaries. In 1864 the Territory of Montana was organized from parts of Idaho and Montana, and in 1875 Helena was made the capital. In August, 1873, several battles occurred between the United States troops and the Sioux Indians on the Yellowstone river, and in May, 1876, in an attack on the Confederated Sioux tribes, under Sitting Bull, in Rosebud river valley, General Custer and his entire force were massacred. This was followed by the removal of the Sioux and the opening of the country to settlement. In February, 1889, Congress passed the “Omnibus Bill” providing for the admission of Montana, Washington, and the Dakotas. A constitution was adopted in July, and on Nov. 8, 1889, Montana was admitted to the Union as a State.
MONTANA STATE COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS, an institution founded by the State of Montana in 1893 at Bozeman, Montana, for the improvement of its citizens in scientific agriculture and in the industrial arts. The State in 1893 granted to the college 140,000 acres of land; of these 26,000 have been sold and the remainder leased. The increased value of land and especially timber in the years 1918, 1919, and 1920 greatly increased the income of the college and placed it on a sure financial basis. Appropriations from the State amount to $85,000 annually. Enrollment is about 600.
MONTANA, UNIVERSITY OF, a co-educational non-sectarian institution in Missoula, Mont.; founded in 1895; reported at the close of 1919: Professors and instructors, 65; students, 796; volumes in the library, 45,000; income, $280,000; president, Edward O. Sisson, Ph. D.
MONTANISM (mon′-) the religious system of Montanus, an inhabitant of a Phrygian village called Pepuza, who, about A. D. 171, proclaimed himself the Paraclete or Comforter promised by Jesus (see Paraclete). He multiplied fasts, forbade second marriages, did not permit churches to give absolution to those who had fallen into great sin, forbade all female ornaments, required virgins to be veiled. Jerome wrote against the Montanists, who continued till about the 6th century.
MONTARGIS (mông-tär-zhē′), a town in the French department of Loiret, 47 miles E. by N. of Orleans. Here in 1371 is said to have occurred the famous judicial combat between the “dog of Montargis” and Macaire, its master's murderer. The dog not only showed the spot in the forest of Bondy where its dead master was buried, but singled out the murderer. Pop. about 11,000.
